Kelly Johnston Essays (601 words) - United States,

Kelly Johnston Ms. Nicola Thomas ENG3UE - 26 August 8, 2018 Historical Context and a Closer Look at Setting Geography A - Louisiana is a state , located in the southern United States. The state of Louisiana is bordered by Texas in the west, Alabama to the north and Mississippi to the east and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. A map of the southern United States can be found at the following link, https://www.google.ca/maps/place/Louisiana,+USA/@30.9373242,-95.888355,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x8620a454b2118265:0xc955f73281e54703!8m2!3d30.9842977!4d-91.9623327 . B - To travel to Louisiana is a long distance from my home. To drive to Oak Grove near the northern border of Louisiana, it would take approximately 18 hours 18 minutes to drive the 1890 km. If I was to travel to New Orleans which is at the southern border of Louisiana, it would take me approximately 19 hours 27 minutes to drive the 2095 km. C - There are many differences between Louisiana and where I live in Canada. The population of Louisiana comprises of Creole and Cajuns. Cajuns are French descendants from Acadia which are the current Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The climate in Louisiana is much different from Toronto as it is a humid, subtropical and rainy climate compared to Toronto which is drier and will get snow in the winter. The population in Louisiana is much less than the GTA. The entire state of Louisiana has approximately 4.684 where as there is 6.418 million in the GTA alone . Louisiana's economy is heavily dependent of farming and the fishing industry, whereas Toronto is more of a financial, commercial and industrial center. Tourism is a large part of the economy for both Louisiana and the GTA. The cost of living in Louisiana is much lower than the GTA, noting that the cost to purchase an apartment in Louisiana is about half that of Tor onto, yet the average monthly salary is about the same. African American Rights in the U.S. A - The Emancipation Proclamation was issues by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863 at which time 3.1 million slaved were freed. B - The modern Civil Rights movement began on December 1, 1955 and continued until the late 1960's. Setting A - A Plantation is large estate or farm where sugar cane, coffee, cotton or tobacco are usually grown. Plantations are usually located in a tropical or semitropical country, and they are usually worked by resident workers or slaves. B - Plantations are significant in the southern United States as there were many cotton fields worked by African American Slaves. C - The definition of segregation is "the act or practice of segregating; a setting apart or separation of people or things from others or from the main body or group": D - Segregation was justified in the Southern United States by the Separate but Equal doctrine. As long as services such as transportation, medical care, schooling, housing and employment were provided to each race were equal, they could be segregated by race. Works Cited Briney, Amanda. "10 Things You Did Not Know about Louisiana." ThoughtCo, ThoughtCo, www.thoughtco.com/geography-of-louisiana-1435734. "Dictionary." Dictionary.com, Dictionary.com, www.dictionary.com/browse/dictionary. Encyclopadia Britannica, Encyclopadia Britannica, Inc., kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Emancipation-Proclamation/353098. Google , Google, www.google.ca/search?safe=strict%2Cpopulation%2BLouisiana . Google , Google, www.google.ca/search?safe=strict%2Cpopulation%2BLouisiana . PBS , Public Broadcasting Service, www.pbs.org/johngardner/chapters/4b.html. "Separate but Equal." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Aug. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separate_but_equal.

Apple Computers Walmart Essay Example

Apple Computers Walmart Essay Example Apple Computers Walmart Paper Apple Computers Walmart Paper Introduction What is competitive advantage, and what is â€Å"core competence? For a company seeking competitive advantages, what are the generic competitive strategy choices it can use? What are the four building blocks through which it can establish its competitive advantages? Based on power point definition, competitive advantage is when firm implements a strategy that creates superior value for customers and competitors are unable to duplicate it or find too costly to imitate it. Core competencies are â€Å"crown jewels of a company†, the activities the firm performs especially well compared to rivals and through which the firm adds unique value to its goods or services over a long period of time. It can also be called as Strategic Assets, Strategic Capabilities, and Critical Capabilities. For a company seeking competitive advantages, the elements of Low cost, differentiation, and focus are the generic competitive strategy choices it can use. Specifically, firm is using four building blocks like Quality, Efficiency, innovation, and customer responsiveness to establish its competitive advantages. Superior quality includes quality design, reliability, durability, and image. When people think of a product or services, they think in these terms. For example, when people are on the market for a cell phone, many of them would pick an iphone (or Blackberry) over another brand like Motorola. Apple and other brand like Blackberry typically have a reputation of a high quality, clean design, secured systems, and consumers associate these cell phones with a high-quality image. Superior efficiency refers to the cost to the market via materials, production, logistics, and overhead. Wal-Mart will be a good example to showcase because not only its advanced logistic systems but also the integration of its supply chain. Another interesting fact about Wal-Mart is its slogan â€Å"every day low price.† In order to achieve that, Wal-Mart is actually manufacturing product themselves in order to reduce wholesaler and retailer cost for customers. In this way, the customer will get the cheapest price from Wal-Mart. Superior customer responsiveness is the importance of anticipating and meeting customer needs. Apple Computers is a great example of customer responsiveness. When you order a product from Apple no matter whether it is on-line or in store, you can always reach their customer center with a friendly well-trained representative. The order process is very easy, taking only a few minutes. For example, when you go to apple store to buy its products, the system will email your receipt automatically after your purchase. Another thing need to highlight is that apple’s delivery is quick and accurate and there is a good amount of call centers that customers can call to get assistance after the sale or, they can use the Internet to find a solution. Furthermore, I want to talk about the app platform that apple created. Apple’s product is not only about a simple functional mp3 or cell phone. They integrate programmers, suppliers, customers, and merchants into one platform so that they are able to communicate each other. Their sales representatives and marketing representatives visit customers on a regular basis to assess the needs of the market. By figuring out what their customers want and need to function efficiently and effectively, Apple is able to be creatively innovative. The company is constantly creating new products such as the new Mighty Mouse and the, now legendary, iPod series. To state this differently, apple created a dynamic system that maximized the customer responsiveness and to differentiate themselves with other competitors. Apple is a very focused company that doing personal computer and related phones and mp3. The Apple cooperates with IBM, Google, Microsoft, and other companies to make its unique products. But at the same time, apple is also fiercely with Microsoft, Google, and other companies. They have a certain customer type and niche that Microsoft and Google does not. They have realized that companies should not try to be all things to all people as this is a very challenging role to fill and usually does not move the company in the desired direction of competitive advantage (Porter). By updating often and ensuring that their products are tuned into the needs and wants of consumers, Apple has been able to become a leading differentiation competitor. They are focusing on personal computer, mp3, and cellphones. The focus strategy and their leading differentiation strategy are the new frontier of corporate competitive advantage. Middle It involves the integration of strategies, employees of all levels, and corporate management with creativity, innovation, and a variety of tools, including Apples main driver, technology innovation to generate more revenue and reduce their cost. The combination of these core competencies enables companies such as Apple or Wal-Mart to get ahead of competition within their industry, as well as, successfully progress into other industries if that is a goal. Leading differentiation are those who continuously generate new competitive advantages that destroy, make obsolete, or neutralize the industry leaders advantages, leaving the industry in disequilibrium and disarray. What is innovation? What does it comprise? What can you recommend concerning how to effectively execute innovation to generate better returns for the company? Based on power point definition, Innovation meaning the use of new knowledge to transform organizational processes or create commercially viable products and services. In detail, we have divided innovation into three levels, such as invention level, innovation level, and imitation level. From invention level, we know that Invention is the act of creating or developing a new product or process. It can Brings something new into being. And the important fact is that Technical criteria determine the success of an invention. Another level is Innovation. This level of innovation is a little bit different from what we have mentioned earlier about the general definition of innovation. In this level, Process of creating a commercial product from an invention, it brings something new into use. And Commercial criteria determine the success of an innovation. The last level of innovation is about Imitation. Imitation is consisted of adoption of an innovation by similar firms. Usually it leads to product or process standardization. What’s more, products based on imitation often are offered at lower prices and without as many features. However, the last level of innovation is not always enough for a firm from good to great. We have three things of imitation need to keep in mind; the first one is that product or process standardization. Secondly, products made with fewer features. Last but not least, products must offer at lower prices. What can you recommend concerning how to effectively execute innovation to generate better returns for the company? In the video of how to execute innovation, I learnt innovation itself is not about a simple point of time but a process or a culture. The most frequent question from that video was â€Å"Why are some companies able to create and sustain a high innovation premium while others don’t?† While I was still simply thinking innovation is about create something new or valuable to customer. This class taught me how to analysis or develop further about innovation. According to my research and also class notes, it shows at least three key things that the innovative companies do to create and sustain an innovation premium and to effectively execute innovation to generate better returns for the company, such as leverage people, process, and philosophies. Firstly, I think the most important thing about innovation is people. As long as the company is organized by people, I believe a good way to implement innovation is to activate innovation from the person on the top. During the video, Karmazin mentioned that Failure is an unacceptable option; Innovating is about winning. In his philosophy, he thinks when you conduct an innovation, pretty good means very bad. The tone of top has clearly addressed that their company is passion about to win and they want to detect zero defects of their products. To some extent, with this strong command from the top CEO, employees will influenced by the environment. Because employees are elements of company’s culture and the CEO is the vision builder. Ginny Wiedower commented, Without a corporate strategy to reach defined corporate goals, innovation will be misdirected and unguided. But D. R. Elliott pointed out that innovations and inefficiencies are persistent anomalies in organizations. Actions of top managers, according to Marc Sniukas, should set the context; guide the process †¦; clearly communicate reasons †¦; shield creative teams †¦; appreciate distinctiveness in people and their thinking; and welcome change. as Dan Hoch put it. Finally, these behaviors trigger new associations which let them to connect the unconnected, thereby producing disruptive ideas. On the people front, the behavior of leaders matters. To effectively execute innovation, we should treat innovation as a process. Karmazin also spoke about how he measures winning. In his company, the top executives are working on how to convert fear to motivations. Conclusion They believe Innovation is about process. Whatever the result is, you as an innovator have to give it a try. In this case, there is no losing or win. Joe Violette, who reminded us that innovation is most often carried out in teams, suggested that leaderships role is also to provide a work environment of openness built on trust where every member of the team feels free to express their views/opinions without fear of ridicule or reprisal. As long as innovation is a risk taking process, there is no a one hundred percent correct result. During the video, we know that LG. believes innovative technologies takes time. It requires you to listen to customer. Learning from failure is also a lesson that all companies have to take. Lastly is to sharp things up to generate revenue at low cost. For example, LG believes in innovative technologies because they have a passion and commitment to create new and convenient experiences for individual and their families. Its electronic department like fridge center states that whether its time or energy savings, beautiful options for your kitchen or the latest technologies, LGs home appliances are designed to enhance your overall experience by creating great everyday moments. Therefore, the tone of top should also not only gradually deliver its vision to employees, but also need to be patient about innovation process. It is important for us to fully understand customer’s needs to increase the probability of a valuable innovation.

Incident Action Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Incident Action Plan - Research Paper Example A job hazard analysis is a process that involves identifying and recognizing hazards before they happen. It focuses on the relations among the task, the worker, the tools and the environment of the work. Job hazard analysis (JHA) is considered to be an â€Å"essential safety management tool that if used correctly and consistently will increase organization’s ability to build an inventory or portfolio of hazards and risks associated with various jobs, job steps and the detailed tasks performed by its employees (Roughton & Crutchfield 2008). Evidence also suggests that conducting a job hazard analysis is â€Å"one of the best ways to determine and establish proper work procedures† (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2002, p.2). According to Roughton & Crutchfield (2008, p. 283), the main objective of the JAH process is to ensure that a self-sustaining process is implemented and remains effective. Swartz (2002, p. 27) explains in more details that JHA can serv e many objectives – from the need to develop safe working procedures or create uniform safety standards, to a desire to participate in OSHA’s Voluntary Protection Programs or the need to reduce costs associated with product and property damage†. Whatever the objective is pursued by an organization, JHA can be used to develop detailed written procedure for Job Incident Analysis. Job Incident Analysis mainly is comprised of jobs that involve new machines, processes or are new to the facility, jobs that have the potential to cause a high number of injuries or illnesses as well as ergonomic claims, and jobs that have produced incidents of property and product damage as well as near-hits among workers (Swartz 2002, p.28). Ideally, after identifying hazards, one has to initiate steps to eradicate or minimize them to a lesser risk level. There are a lot of injuries that can happen to people if they do not take appropriate care during a job or while performing any chore at home. However, one can reduce or prevent these injuries if he or she takes proper care and acts according to definite plans. In order to identify the potential risk present in a job, it is necessary to carry out relevant steps to eradicate the hazards. The methods safety analyst examines each step of the job or process from its very beginning with respect to the method, machine or material involved to see if any or all of these three can be responsible for the occurrence of accidents. If he finds a step that is potentially hazardous he notates the type of accident apt to be caused. He has a record, therefore, of 1) the steps of the job, 2) those steps which might be hazardous and 3) a means of reference for additional study of these steps, if necessary (Glenn 2011). Afterwards, for a job hazard analysis to be useful, the management must show its commitment to health and safety by prescribing and communicating necessary precautions. An Incident Action Plan (IAP) is fundamentally a n overall incident strategy plan with particular tactical actions that must be accomplished with the aim of meeting the goal of the emergency response. â€Å"

A crime in English Law and Canadian Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A crime in English Law and Canadian Law - Essay Example These two elements are actus reus and mens rea. It is important to note that concurrence of these two elements is mandatory to prove any offence. While existence of these two elements is common in English and Canadian laws, there are some major differences when it comes to their interpretation in these two laws. In order to analyze definition of crime in English and Canadian laws, developing understanding of actus reus and mens rea is imperative. There are varied definitions of crime present in different national and international laws. However, the most recurrent definition is given by Blackburn (1993, p. 5) which defines crime to be â€Å"acts attracting legal punishment that are injurious in some way to the community at large or one or more people within it†. Another Canadian version of this definition is provided by Tappan (1960) which defines crime as â€Å"an intentional act or omission in violation of criminal law (statutory or case law), committed without defense or j ustification, and sanctioned by the state as a felony or misdemeanor (Haggan, 2011).† It is important to note that a crime will only be considered as committed if there is actus reus (guilty act carried out voluntarily) and mens rea (guilty mind leading to intention of committing the act) (Boyd, 2010). Therefore, mens rea and actus reus are the major elements of criminal law. Hence, a crime is a breach of rules defined by the state or any other governing authority. Most of the crimes are considered as offences against the state and community. The definition of crime under Canadian law is relatively similar to the one prevailing in English law. Therefore, the crime occurs when an individual breaches criminal law prevailing in the state voluntarily and with guilty mind (actus reus and mens rea respectively). Both laws also presume innocence of the accused until unless proven guilty. However, Canadian law levies burden of proof on the crown counsel in Canada (Boyd, 2010). There i s also slight variation in the elements of these two laws. In English criminal law, actus Reus and mens rea form the main elements of law. Omission of intent is a third element which is referred to as strict liability. However, in many cases, the criminal intentions are not required to be shown. In such cases, strict liability is applied. On the other hand, elements of Canadian criminal law includes actus reus, mens rea, special circumstances leading to incomplete offences, aiding and assisting in crime (Boyd, 2010). As far as criminal liability is concerned, it forms part of product liability law instead of criminal law. In order to understand differences between these two major elements of criminal law, it is important to analyze how English and Canadian laws consider actus reus and mens rea individually. The origin for actus reus and mens rea is English law and it is adapted in Canadian version of criminal law and other parts of the world as well. Actus Reus itself is a Latin for guilty act and is considered as mandatory criterion for criminal offence. It is important to note that actus reus defines all the elements of an offence other than mens rea which defines one’s state of mind. Actus Reus’ severity is defined by circumstances in which the offence has taken place or its consequences. Hence, the act has to be voluntary and willfully committed in order to fulfill the condition of Actus Reus. There are four types of crimes on the basis of actus Reus which are actions crimes i.e. conduct, state of affairs crimes, result crimes and omission. Actions crimes take place when the consequences of the acts are immaterial. State of affairs

Effectivenes of vitamin D and calcium in preventing falls Essay

Effectivenes of vitamin D and calcium in preventing falls - Essay Example The costs of falls management by the NHS have been increasing steadily and it is apprehended that by 2015 there will be 120,000 cases of fall each year (NHS report 2005). Computerized searches of the following data bases were carried out EMBASE, Medline, Cinahal, Cochrane Library Systematic review, BMJ, PubMed, NHS Economic Evaluation, NHS National Library for Health, Health Techonologly Assessment data base, Cochrane register of controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Google, Ovid, Proquest, British nursing index and Reference list from review articles. Relevant randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, meta analysis in which vitamin D or Vitamin D plus calcium was given and reduction of falls and fractures or prevention of falls and fractures was reported as the primary or secondary outcome. Male and female, male or female community dwelling older adults>60 who participated in randomized control studies that examined the effectiveness of vitamin D and or vitamin D and calcium in the prevention of falls and fractures Of the 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria the majority reviewed showed positive results on the supplementation of vitamin D or vitamin D plus calcium regimen reduced the risk of falls among older adults. In a pooled analysis of the 5 randomised control studies included in this study vitamin D therapy of (200-1000 IU) and calcium significantly resulted in the reduction of falls with an odds ratio of 0.814 in a 95% confidence interval of 0.715 – 0.926. I would like to acknowledge my son Jerome Scott for helping me with the typing of my notes. I would also like to acknowledge the help and support given to me by my colleagues at work whilst undertaking this course. Falls among the elderly is a major health and social care concern in the United Kingdom. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation (2009), one in every two women and one in every

Food Culture in Malaysia and Japan

Food Culture in Malaysia and Japan The growing, rearing and processing of foodstuffs seems to have held a special fascination since the nineteenth century. Food and beverage industry has really growth and moving positively if compare to the preceding years, which is from the number of restaurant that opens day by day. There is a vast variety of restaurants with the different types of cuisine in Malaysia that representing different country and culture by offers an exciting array of food outlets, from fast food to fine dining and everything in between. Local food alone offers Malay, Cantonese, Szechuan, Indian and Nyonya cuisine while international food covers the gamut from Japanese to Middle-Eastern, Italian and American. Today, more people are excited to experiment and explore each restaurant that just opened. Moreover, due to the lifestyle and trends, more people are eating out rather than cook at home. For instance: Recently, more and more Japanese restaurants have been opened around Malaysia. Every restaurant trie s to bring up a new concept and originality to their brand. As the time goes by, people are more selective nowadays. They would like to choose a good quality food, with a good portion, with a good branding, and willing to pay with a reasonable price. There are some students are willing to pay high price for one meal because they want to try a new restaurant or a new cuisine with a good quality of the food. Thus, all restaurants have to try their best to meet the customers expectations. Besides that, they also have to recognize every aspect of their business has an impact on customer service because involve face to face customer contact and the supply in food has growing day by day. Each restaurant has to boost them self to improving customer service that involves making a commitment to learning what our customers needs and wants are, and developing action plans that implement customer friendly processes. The writer finds this issue interesting because nowadays people often ask the simple question like Where are we going to eat? I love Japanese foods especially sushi. Where can I get a delicious sushi with ideal price, good service and good place to hang out? When people decide to choose a Japanese restaurant, there are some factors that influence their decision making, such as customers emotion, satisfaction and brand loyalty. It is very important to know customers behavior in order to build a long term relationship. Therefore, the writer has chosen the title An assessment of Sushi Zanmai Malaysia popularity among university college students. There are three different concepts of Japanese restaurant that owe by SuperSushi Sdn Bhd Company which are: 1st Concept: Sushi Zanmai that began since in April, 1997, the genuine conveyer-sushi restaurant. There are several outlets of Sushi Zanmai which are in Sunway Pyramid, The Gardens, One Utama and Low-Yat. 2nd Concept: Sushi Zen that began since in September, 2007, a casual kiosk-style Japanese restaurant. 3rd Concept: Pasta Zanmai that began since in December, 2007, a Japanese Casual Pasta Restaurant. Within this short period, this company has developed the restaurant very fast, from one concept into another concept. The purpose of this research is: To identify factors that influence people selecting Sushi Zanmai as a sushi restaurant To identify current trends of Japanese food To recommend measures that could help to improve current condition PART 1: LITERATURE AND REVIEW 1.1 Food Culture in Malaysia Malaysia has a combined population of over 18 million people. Because of its central location, between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. Malaysia has traditionally been a meeting point for traders and travelers from both the East and West, it also has produced a most diverse culinary melting pot. As a result, Malaysia has a multicultural and multiracial population consisting of three main group which are Malays, Chinese, Indians and numerous indigenous peoples. With such a varying ethnic composition, it is no surprise that a great diversity of religions is prevalent throughout Malaysia. In Malaysia, eating out is really a gastronomic adventure. A blend ofcultural and ethnic histories which make up Malaysias diverse population is reflected in the broad range of influences and flavours found in Malaysian cuisine. And each state in Malaysia has something to offer in terms of culinary delights. For instance: Penang, the famous in hawker stall haven, where all the most delicious food requires that only costs as little as RM 3.50 per dish, such as Penang Char Kway Teow, Fried Oyster, Laksa, etc. Mallaca is also home to Baba Nyonya food, which served in quaint cafes in historical shop houses. Or in Kuala Lumpur, the most diverse offering of foods from all over the world, such as Chinese cuisine, Indian cuisine, Japanese cuisine, Thailand cuisine, Vietnamese cuisine, European cuisine, Arabian cuisine, etc. With mixed origins, there are certain ingredients common to many dishes in Malaysia. Multiple varieties of rice and noodles, which are from local or imported from Thailand, Japan or India, are often used as a base. The Malays include a lot of seafood in their diet, like fish, squids, prawns and crabs that used to show up in Malay dishes. And most of Malaysian dishes use fish sauce or fish paste because fish live is around the shores of Malaysias islands. Fresh herbs and roots are commonly used to cook Malays food.ÂÂ   Indian and Thai curry spices with regional varieties are often used to create rich and spicy curry dishes. A dried spice is also form an important component of Malays cooking. Moreover, in a city of Malaysia which is Malacca was one of the great trading centers of the spice in the fifteen century. And Coconut is another favorite ingredient which is also common found in countless dishes. For instance: Santan(the coconut milk), to make creamy curries. It is to add sa vory sweetness of the dishes and to cool the fire of hotter spices. Today, rice is the staple for almost half the worlds population, particularly in parts of China, India, Indonesia, Japan and Southeast Asia. According to historians, they believe that is was first domesticated in the area covering the foothills of Eastern Himalayas (Northeastern India), and stretching through Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Southern China. From here, it spread in all directions and human cultivation created numerous varieties of rice. According to the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), based in Philippines, there are 120.000 varieties of rice worldwide. Over the centuries, there are three main types of rice developed in Asia, depends on the content of the grain which is: Amylase means an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar Rice has divided into three (3) which are long grain, medium grain and short grained varieties. In this case, different populations, consumer different varieties of rice. Foods through the day in Malaysia are three meals a day and rice is almost always included, even at breakfast. For instance, Nasi Lemak. A typical meal consists of rice served with soup, curries, and a few vegetable stir-fries and also eaten fruit for dessert. A typical of Malay lunch and dinner was all dishes are placed in the center of the table to be shared by all the diners and usually the Malay food is often eaten with the hands. There are similar eating pattern within Japanese and Malaysia, which the main staple is rice and it is eaten with almost every meal. The meal features is quite same, such as the tastes of sweet, sour, spicy, bitter and salty. Like Chinese style wheat noodles served in meat stock known as Ramen have become extremely popular over the last century and Malaysian like to consume noodles. Follow by seafood, as Japan is surrounded by sea as same as Malaysias islands. Therefore, When Japanese cuisine comes to Malaysia, the food itself easily accepted by Malaysian. 1.2 Background of Japanese Food Culture The rice-centered food culture of Japan evolution follows the introduction of wet rice cultivation from Asia more than 2000 years ago. The cultivation and consumption of rice has always played a central role in Japanese food culture. The tradition of Japanese is usually rice served with seasonal vegetables; fish and other marine products reached a highly sophisticated form in the Edo period (1600-1868) and remains the vibrant core of native Japanese cuisine. In the century and a half since Japan reopened to the West, Japan has developed an incredibly rich and varied food culture which includes not only native Japanese cuisine but also many foreign dishes. Some adapted to Japanese tastes and some imported more or less unchanged. In the 6th century, introduction of Buddhism to Japan became the official religion of the country and the eating of meat and fish were prohibited. The first recorded decision prohibiting the eating of cattle, horses, dogs, monkeys and chicken was issued by Emperor Temmu in A.D.675. Laws and emperor eliminate the eating of almost all flesh of animals and fowl because based on Buddhism are prohibiting to killing. In the 15th century, many of the foods and food ingredients eaten by Japanese nowadays, for instance: miso, tofu or soy sauce. In the 16th century, the combination of Spanish and Portuguese frying technique with Chinese method for cooking vegetables in oil led to the development of tempura, the popular Japanese dish in which seafood and many types of vegetables with deep fried method. In the early 19th century, the development in Edo, the introduction of sushi has started. Todays, most of people are familiar with that dishes. It made from vinegar rice top or combined with raw fish and shellfish. And during that time, sushi was sold from stalls as a snack food, and that stalls were become the starter of todays sushi restaurants. In the mid 19th century, many of new cooking and eating customs were introduced where the most important being eating the meat. Consider of Japanese dish, Sukiyaki that consist of beef, vegetables, tofu and other ingredients cook at the table in a soup stock of soy sauce, sweet sake and sugar was first served in Western style restaurants. Another dish that popular during this period is Tonkatsu, means a deep fried bread pork cutlets. In the early 20th century, using Indian curry powder, Japanese curry rice (kareraisu) became very popular dish which consisted vegetables, meat or seafood with a thick curry sauce and served with rice. In generally at sushi restaurants, costumers will sit at the counter and call out their order item to a sushi chef. Or sit at Conyever belt where the customers can grab small plates in front of you, or call a special order if you do not see what you want on the belt. Or customers can sit on tatami mats. And as like Chinese, Japanese also ate with chopsticks to transfer the food. The rice bowl is not held as closely to the mouth. Soups are consumed directly from the bowl and the only dish eaten with a spoon is an unsweetened egg custard which known as chawanmushi. There are several ways to describes the differ of Japan cuisine from other cuisine, First, portion of the dish are small because it is to capture the diners attention with the freshness, natural flavor, the beauty of each dish, the atmosphere and the whole meal. Second, the food for a meal is served at once, so diners receive their own portions on individual plates and bowls instead of serving family style from large bowls in the middle of table. Third, Japanese use less oil which to emphasize the light and natural flavor of the food. And now, development of Japanese restaurant that opened more and more in Malaysia. It can be cause of the trends between among the Malaysia. There is similarity between Malaysia cuisine and Japanese cuisine that makes Malaysia is easier to accept. Other reason is Malaysian are quite open minded with those culture. 1.3 Food affecting consumers towards selection of food There are numerous factors that affect consumers towards selection of food, whether it is made by individuals or other parties. Food choices are influenced by many interacting factors which are income, culture, the concern about health, values, religion or even genetic. Many operational models have been developed to describe these influences that including The Lifestyle Model of dietary habits (Pelto, 1981), which attempts to explain how these factors interact to result in specific food behaviors. Societal Factors: Food Production and Distribution System is responsible for the availability of foods which differs from region to region and country to country. Food availability influences and in turn is influenced by the socio-economic and political systems. These serve to control the production and distribution of food in culture. Government policy may also be involved with the purchasing power of consumers through programs such as the oversight of food quality through safety standards, nutrition labeling requirements and other production programs (JoslingRitson, 1986) Lifestyle Factors: Income (limits what foods can be purchased) ÂÂ ® Occupation (influences food habits in several ways, for instance: the location of the job also influence meal patterns) ÂÂ ® Education (the status and self-realization phase of food use are usually, through not always dependent on higher levels of education) ÂÂ ® Nutrition Knowledge (may or may not translate into knowledge based behavior, and greater influence over what someone eats than what the person knows about nutrition) ÂÂ ® Ethnic identity (a distant heritage that has been modified or lost over the generations through acculturation) ÂÂ ® Rural-Urban (place of residence may affect which foods people eat) ÂÂ ® Religious Beliefs (depends on what religion, may have a great impact on food habits or may have no influence at all) ÂÂ ® Health (specific foods are often credited with health promoting qualities, such as ginseng in Asia) ÂÂ ® Physiological (age,gender,body image, and state of health)A ll of influence lifestyle factors are affects food habits. 1.4 Factors affecting popularity of Japanese food towards university college student The marketing mix is the set of marketing tools which often summarized as the four Ps that the firm uses to achieve its objectives in target markets (McCarthy, 2001). And most marketing professionals would say that the right marketing mix is the one that maximizes customers satisfaction and results in the highest sales or market share. Product It is defined as anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a need or a want. Step one; this product emerges will come from an analysis of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats. There are two classifications of product: Tangible product Goods Intangible product Services For a restaurant, the goods are food and beverage outlets offered and the service is the customer service. Consequently, it is logically to include services within the definition of the product. (David Jobber) Step two; is a detailed analysis of the target market to assess the nature of the opportunity, what is its size and potential? How strong is the competition and how is it likely to evolve in the future? Step three; is research into the needs of prospective customers, what is it that customers actually want? According to Hamel and Prahalad, 1991, today, this goes beyond merely asking customers, what are the customer looking for, but creatively seeking to discover needs that customers cannot articulate because the customers are unaware of the possibilities offered by new technologies and the changing environment. People will always seek a restaurant that offering excellent food, especially when the restaurant have a good service, value and ambiance. People satisfy their needs and wants with products. Thus, the product is the main thing for a company because without products there is nothing to market or sell. And when a customer decides to buy a product, the customer will look for certain characteristics. The customer will want to know how many different products that offered by restaurant, which one provides a more interesting savings and what is included in the product. Product must have the power to leave a good impression and interest so the customer will not hesitate to visit the restaurant for the second time. Price It is defined as what the product or service costs to the customer or the amount that customers are willing to pay for a product and service. In order hand, price is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue. And setting a price for a product is very important. Price has a very strong impact on sales volume and market share; empirical studies (reviewed in Tellis, 1988; and Sethuraman and Tellis, 1991) have shown that, for most products, price elasticity is substantially higher than advertising elasticity. The company will need to set a price that the customer can afford and willing to pay and at the same it will help the company to achieve a good level of profits. When a customer asks about the price of a product, the customer also interested in knowing is there any discounts or special promotions. Therefore, no matter how good the product, how creative the promotion or how efficient the place or distribution, unless price covers costs the company will make a loss. (David Jobber, 2004) For instance, if the price is expensive, regular students will not be able to afford it and will think to have their meals in other restaurant. Nowadays, customers are concern about the price of their food and tend to compare the price to another restaurant. The customer will evaluate whether the value of the product is worth the amount that the customer are paying, because customers are always strongly influenced by price. Price often fulfills two functions simultaneously: it reflects the sacrifice that the buyer must make in order to acquire the product or service involved and it also acts as a signal of the quality of the product (Monroe, 1990) Another consideration is where pricing have the relationship between price and perceived quality, because many people use price as an indicator of quality. According to David Jobber, the more value a product gives compared to that of the competition, the higher the price that can be charged. Price should accurately key to the value to the customer. The sacrifices that made by the customer is in order to experience the benefits of a product, thus from the restaurant itself have to give the best for the customer. Place It is defined as place or distribution as a set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product available for use or consumption by customers. Or the company activities that make the product available to target customers. The dimensions of place are channels, assortment, location, inventory and transport. (Borden, 1984) For instance: Location, where customer can obtain the product so distribution channels are the key to this area. And in fact, many restaurant companies believe that location has become the most important factor to success. Warnaby and Dominic, 2004 highlight the advantages of shopping in town centers. Thus, the company will need to find ways to bring the products to customers and make the product easy to access to the customers. For instance: Convenience that is also important issue in food outlet patronage which the time and speed service is required, in order to satisfied the customers need and want. Place or distribution considerations play a major role in influencing customer motives. In the marketing of consumer goods, the role is to ensure that the product is available to the consumer when and where it is needed and in sufficient variety and quantity. Promotion It is defined as the activities that communicate the merits of the products and persuade target customers to buy or use the products. Company need to plan promotional activities properly in order to create awareness of potential customers. It is where advertising and communications are used to encourage customers uptake of the product or service. Promotion has several types of tools which are: Advertising, Sales promotion (discounts, coupons), Publicity, Word of Mouth, Personal Selling, Merchandising, Sponsorship and etc. The main reason why promotion is so important is to communicate with individuals, groups or organizations. Through promotion, the message like information about products or services can be communicated to existing and potential customers. Promotions can strengthen brand positioning. A 1985 study by Frankel and Co. and Perception Research Services found that, following exposure to adverts featuring promotions for a brand, consumers opinion of the brand( issues like quality, value and caring about customers ) improved by over 8 percentage compared to those exposed to only brand sell adverts. In other words, it must have the right facilities and services (product) and make them easily accessible to guests (place) with the proper amount of promotion and the right price. (David Abbey, 2003) Japanese food-Korean food Japanese and Korean foods are popular and are made of similar ingredients. However, the foods have their own taste, recipe and way of eating. Even though Korean food and Japanese food seems to be similar, both of them have their specialties. Japanese food and Korean food seems to be similar because they use same ingredient. For example, both of them use onions, green onions, red peppers, raw fish, and rice. Koreans and Japanese enjoy eating raw sliced fish, which are sushi and sashimi. Sushis ingredients are boiled rice, and raw sliced fish and sashimis ingredient is just as raw sliced fish. In addition, Korean and Japanese rice is the same. However, Korean and Japanese food is not totally same. Koreans tend to make food spicier and saltier than Japanese food. The price of Japanese food is higher than that Korean food. When people eat a meal at a Japanese restaurant, they should pay lots of money for their meal. For example, the basic foods like rice, sashimi, and some sea food cost thirty-five dollars per person. However, Korean basic foods, rice, main stew, and lots of side dishes cost just ten dollars per person. Japanese fresh seafood has high valuable, so most people prefer going to a Japanese restaurant like Benihana. Nevertheless, it is expensive. Every person has his/her own appetite, someone want to eat Japanese food and the other want to eat Korean food. Both foods may seem to be similar, because they are made of almost same ingredients. However, each of them has their own recipe, taste, and style of eating. Even though Japanese food is expensive, people like to eat Japanese food.

Passionate Anti Smoking Tobacco Essay :: Tobacco Nicotine Cigarettes

Smoking! Why smoking is the most wrong thing you can do to your lungs .it is just not done to be good. I FURIOSLY HATE SMOKING. and when people smoke it has OIL in it. 40,5000 Canadians are killed a year. including my grandma and now I am not with her anymore. I miss her so much I curse the people who brought it to Canada. The kids breath it when they are near the people who are smoking it. do you know what happens to the KIDS who breathe it they can get CANCER . It is such a pity for kids to get cancer and some people have cancer because of their genes because of their parents and their during their pregnancy. Think about all the kids and their stupid genes they got from their lovable parents . there are 4000 chemicals in 1 cigarette. These are the only the smallest fraction of diseases you can get: Lung cancer, cancer of voice box throat and mouth , cancer of pancreas, cervical cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, blatter cancer, leukemia, coronary, circulatory, high blood pressure, LDL, Pneumonia, influenza, the common cold, Peptic ulcers, Tooth decay, Gum disease, Osteoporosis ,Sleep problems ,Cataracts and much MUCH more 1. Smoking hurts your lung’s natural cleaning and repair system and traps cancer-causing chemicals build in your lungs. Smoking destroys the tiny hairs .which line the upper airways and protect against infection. Normally, there is a very thin layer of mucous and thousands of these hairs lining the insides of your breathing tubes. The mucous traps the little bits of dirt and pollution you breath oxygen in, and the hairs move together like a wave to push the dirt-filled mucous out of your lungs. Then you have to waste your time coughing , swallow, or spit up the mucous, and the dirt is out of your lungs. When your lungs' natural cleaning and repair system is hurt, germs, dirt and chemicals from cigarette smoke stay inside your lungs and never come out. This puts you at risk for a cough that never goes away, chest infections, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . 2. Smoking always and permanently damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, making it really hard to breathe. Little air sacs at the tips of your lungs, are built like tiny, stretchy balloons.

Criminal Prosecution and Competencies

Through movies, we get the impression that police officers have all the right to arrest someone and bring him to court. But the underlying fact in this is that there are some things that must be done before a trial can be reached. For instance, an offender is arrested for committing a crime. There are steps in a criminal prosecution which leads to sentencing. During the arrest, the offender is handcuffed and taken to jail. The offender is then taken for booking wherein his photograph and fingerprints will be taken and he will be searched. A strip-search may be necessary at some point.Then, the police will ask about the offender’s personal information such as name, address, date of birth and social security number (American Hunt Saboteurs Association, n. d. ). The next step would be arraignment, which signals the court appearance for a felony or misdemeanor. During this process, the charges to be filed and the penalty applicable once convicted, and the Constitutional rights are recited to the defendant (Nichols, n. d. ). The offender also pleads guilty or not guilty during arraignment, after which the pretrial, readiness hearing and trial dates are set.If the offender does not plead guilty, the next step would be the pretrial hearing. This is the time for both parties to file pretrial motions or issues. Then there would be the discovery. Discovery refers to the information needed for the parties to prepare the case. The next step is motions, wherein both parties can present testimonies or arguments. The readiness hearing will follow. This hearing is mainly held to find out if both parties are ready to proceed (City of Oak, 2003). After these steps, the trial follows.For an offender who pleads not guilty, he will be tried and convicted by either a judge or a jury (American Hunt Saboteurs Association, n. d. ). The judge or the jury decides upon the verdict. This leads to the final step, which is the sentencing. In some areas in the United States, sentencing can be delivered in an expedite manner, or the defendant can return to be sentenced. Before a judge or a jury can put down a sentence, the judge must first hear the sides of the prosecution, victims or their representatives, the defendant and the defense attorney (City of Oak, 2003).Foundational and Decisional Competencies Foundational competencies, which are sometimes called Work Readiness Competencies, refer to competencies which serve as foundation for success whether in the workplace or school. Having foundational skills is very essential especially for workers to be able to learn new industry-specific skills. Foundational competencies are considered fundamental in occupations and industries (State of Minnesota, 2009). Foundational competencies transcend many other forms of competencies, such as ethical competencies, personal effectiveness, work place competencies and so on.Individual and cultural diversity and professional development are also classified as foundational. Take academic competencies as example. The critical competencies that people have learned in an academic setting such as communication, reading and writing, and basic computer skills are necessary in order to succeed in one’s chosen career. Academic competencies are the foundation for other competencies such as occupation and industry specific competencies. Decisional competencies, on the other hand, are categorized under workplace competencies. Possessing excellent decision-making skills is critical in both work place and school.Decisional competencies aid an individual in functioning â€Å"in an organizational setting† (Long Island University, n. d. ). Foundational and decisional competencies can be related in criminal cases, especially ones wherein the defendant suffers from a mental disorder. Foundational competencies can include the defendant’s basic knowledge of the charges and the adversary system as a whole. They also include the ability to â€Å"disclose re levant information to counsel. † Decisional competencies, on the other hand, would include one’s ability to understand legal alternatives and choose among these when necessary (Skeem, et.al, 2004). References American Hunt Saboteurs Association. (n. d. ). Arrest. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. huntsab. org/arrest. htm City of Oak. (2003). Steps in a criminal case. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. oakharbor. org/subcategory. cfm? id=12&sid=19 Long Island University. (n. d. ). The practitioner scholar model: Program competencies, goals and objectives. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. cwpost. liu. edu/cwis/cwp/clas/psych/doctoral/forms/PractitionerScholarModel. pdf Nichols, W. P. (n. d. ). Steps in a criminal case.Office of Prosecuting Attorney. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. co. monroe. mi. us/Monroe/default. aspx? PageId=387 Skeem, J. , Golding, S.. L. & Emke-Francis,P. (2004). Assessing adjudicative competency: Using l egal and empirical principles to inform practice. In Donohue, W. T. & Levensky, E. R. (Eds. ). Forensic psychology: A handbook for mental health and legal professionals. New York: Academic Press. State of Minnesota. (2009). â€Å"Building blocks† for competency models. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http://www. careeronestop. org/CompetencyModel/pyramid_definition. aspx

Capoeira Dance History and Popularity

Capoeira Dance History and Popularity Abstract Capoeira, which is a dancelike martial art, with its roots from the slavery in Brazil by the Portuguese colonialists has become very popular in many cultures outside Brazil. It has spread to al the continents and has been fused in many entertainment activities. This paper discusses the history of capoeira, how people relate to it in Brazil, where it went after the end of slavery in Brazil and its popularity worldwide.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Capoeira Dance History and Popularity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Capoeira is dancelike martial art practised in Brazil especially in the northeastern regions of the country. It combines elements of sport, martial art as well as music. Whenever it is performed, it is normally accompanied by call-and-response choral singing as well as percussive instrumental music (Capoeira 3). The basic aesthetic elements of the dance were brought to th e country by slaves, majorly from West-central Africa (Capoeira 3). The elements were then integrated with traditional Brazilian dances, reinterpreted in the diverse slave population of Brazil to form a unique dance as well as way of self defense. Capoeira is famous for its complex and quick moves, quick leg sweeps and kicks, integrated with aerial plus ground acrobatics, take-downs, headbutts as well as punches. Although slavery ended in the late 19th century, the dance continued to flourish in the country. History of Capoeira The existence of Capoeira can be traced from the 16th century when African slaves were taken to South America to work in European farms (Capoeira 3). Most Capoeira, Nestor. The Little Capoeira Book. Berkeley: North Atlantic, 2003. p. 3. Ibid . slaves who were brought from West and Central Africa by Portuguese slave traders were taken to Brazil since the country was a Portuguese colony. The main economic activity of the Portuguese in Brazil was sugarcane far ming. They had large plantations which required huge labour and therefore they had to enslave workers from elsewhere since the native Brazilians had proved to be too difficult to work with. The slaves worked in inhumane as well as humiliating conditions. They worked under pressure and often received physical punishment for small mistakes. Initially, the slaves could not rebel against the Portuguese even though Portuguese colonialists were fewer since they lacked or were afraid of the weapons, they also lacked knowledge of the land, and besides, they could not reason together as they had come from different African cultures (Capoeira 5). As such, it became necessary to develop a means of self defense to survive in this environment. It is these circumstances that prompted the development Capoeira. Slaves created a more than fighting style which could enable them survive in an environment where they were completely unequipped. Capoeira gave them hope to survive in the hostile environme nt where they were often at the mercy of the colonial agents who were responsible for finding escapees.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to the hostilities that the African slaves endured, they began to escape from the farms to move to faraway places where they could not be found easily. In those places, they built primitive settlements, Quilombos (Capoeira 7). These settlements Capoeira, Nestor. The Little Capoeira Book. Berkeley: North Atlantic, 2003. p. 5. Ibid p.7. attracted more escapees which also included native Brazilians and Europeans running away from Catholic extremism. Since they always faced the risk of being raided by the Portuguese troops, Capoeira progressed from being a survival tool to war tool, martial arts. The elements of the martial art were highly influenced by the diverse cultures that were found in the quilombos. They used the capo eira to defend themselves against Portuguese soldiers who often attacked them. In 1808, Napoleonic troops invaded Portugal and King Dom Joo VI moved with Portuguese court to Brazil (Assunà §o 33). Things began to change and soon the Portuguese dominance ended as Brazil opened its ports to allow for trade with other nations. Towns and cities began to grow and people migrated to urban centres. This increased the rate of interaction which allowed more slaves or former slaves to move to towns. The social life in the towns and cities increased the notoriety and diffusion of capoeira. In Rio de Janeiro, capoeira became so problematic that it attracted sever punishment from the colonial government. Slaves were detained for practising Capoeira. However, constant raids on properties that still adopted slavery by quilombo militias led to the softening of the slavery laws. Finally, slavery came to an end in 1888 (Assunà §o 34). Unfortunately, the free black people were unable to find work as more Asians and Europeans workers came into the country limiting job opportunities. As a result, the black population maintained capoeira as a martial arts practice as well as recreation. Assunà §o, Matthias. Capoeira: A history of an Afro-Brazilian martial art. New York: Routlede, 2005. p. 33. Ibid. 34. Where did Capoeira go? After the end of slavery, capoeira practitioners diverted their abilities elsewhere. Many people employed them as body guards, henchmen, hitmen, as well as mercenaries. Some groups of Capoeira practitioners began to terrorize Rio de Janeiro (Talmon-Chvaicer 20). Eventually, the government banned capoeira practice in the country as police reports indicated that capoeira gave undeserved advantage to its practitioners in a fight. As a result, anybody who was caught practising capoeira particularly in a fight would be arrested and severely punished, and in most cases mutilated by the police.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ca poeira Dance History and Popularity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the prohibition, the practice of capoeira went underground. Cultural practices such as roda de capoeira were performed in secluded places while somebody kept an eye on the police. Later on in 1932 when the repression on capoeira had slowed, Mestre Bimba, who was a strong fighter in illegal as well as legal fights founded the first Capoeira school in Salvador (Talmon-Chvaicer 21). He integrated the styles used by other capoeiristas to entertain tourists, to improve martial arts. He reintroduced the styles that had been adopted by the Quilombos and added certain moves from traditional fighting styles. He also designed the first systematical training method on capoeira. Bimba founded another school, Centro de Cultura Fisica e Luta Regional in 1937 with permission from Salvador’s Secretary of Education (Talmon-Chvaicer 21). Talmon-Chvaicer, Maya. The Hidden Histor y of Capoeira: A Collision of Cultures in the Brazilian Battle Dance. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2007. p. 20. Ibid. p 21. Ibid. p 21. The elements of Capoeira have since been applied in many sectors particularly entertainment. Since it resurfaced, it has been largely adopted in sports, games and other entertainment activities like films, comics, television shows among others. How do people relate to Capoeira in Brazil? Capoeira is a symbol of the Afro-Brazilian culture. It symbolizes the ethnic amalgam of the Brazilian population as well as resistance to oppression. Thus, it has become the image as well as source of pride to the people. The people of Brazil consider it as an intangible cultural heritage. For example, samba de roda, which is a traditional Afro-Brazilian dance as well as musical form, has been performed in Brazilian communities for many years (Talmon-Chvaicer 26). The dance and music is associated with capoeira. Today, capoeira is more than just martial art i n the Brazilian society. It has become a major exporter of Brazilian culture throughout the world. Brazilians view it as a means of earning income. Masters in the art of Capoeira have emigrated to the US and other countries since the 1970s to go teach the art. Each year, many Brazilians move to other countries to go train capoeira and earn income. Prominent capoeira masters are normally invited to train abroad while some go to establish their institutions. Again, most Brazilians see it as a way of earning income from tourism. Each year, Capoeira attracts many people to Brazil including students, tourists as well as foreign capoeiristas who come to learn the Portuguese language, which is the official Brazilian language, to better understand as well as become part of the art. Talmon-Chvaicer, Maya. The Hidden History of Capoeira: A Collision of Cultures in the Brazilian Battle Dance. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2007. p. How popular is Capoeira? Elements of capoeira such as th eatrical, acrobatic as well as martiality have become very common across the globe. The Afro-Brazilian martial art of Capoeira, famous for its acrobatic movements as well as kicks, is a major characteristic of many movies, television shows, dance, music, comics as well as video games. For example, many professional wrestlers who currently work for World Wrestling Entertainment incorporate capoeira moves in their fights in the ring.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although Capoeira began in Brazil and is largely practised in the country, it has spread to other continents including Asia and Europe. Myers (1) reports that Capoeira is very popular among young adults as well as professionals in Bangalore city, India. They like the various aspects of capoeira especially the dance moves as music is played in the background. Its spread shows how representation of the unique Brazilian culture has manifested itself in many societies throughout the world. Most people enjoy rhythmic signatures of the capoeira moves. The orientation patterns formed when capoeira dancers engage in the motional process is enjoyed by people across cultures and nations (Assunà §o 42). Conclusion Capoeira which originally began as a survival tool in the harsh slavery environment in Brazil evolved to become an important part of Brazilian culture. It continues to spread across the globe as Brazilian martial experts move to other Myer, Frank. Capoeira Popular in Bangalore, Ind ia. Roda Magazine, 17 September, 2010. Web. Assunà §o, Matthias. Capoeira: A history of an Afro-Brazilian martial art. New York: Routlede, 2005. p. countries to train other people while others travel to Brazil to learn it. It has been incorporated in movies, television shows, comics among other sports and games, for entertainment, and this shows the extent of the capoeira’s popularity worldwide. Assunà §o, Matthias. Capoeira: A history of an Afro-Brazilian martial art. New York: Routlede, 2005. Print. Capoeira, Nestor. The Little Capoeira Book. Berkeley: North Atlantic, 2003. Print. Myer, Frank. Capoeira Popular in Bangalore. India. Roda Magazine, 17 September, 2010. Web. Talmon-Chvaicer, Maya. The Hidden History of Capoeira: A Collision of Cultures in the Brazilian Battle Dance. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2007. Print.

Scientists discover the forces that give geckos their adhesive properties essays

Scientists discover the forces that give geckos their adhesive properties essays Scientists Discover the Forces that Give the Gecko its Strong Adhesive Properties To better understand the adhesive properties of the gecko, scientists have discovered new data that explains how the gecko can attach itself to almost any surface. They specifically studied the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). Researchers at the University of Berkley, have been working on discovering how the gecko can walk on almost any surface without falling off or leaving any residue. This research has yielded new data that has given researchers new ideas about adhesive technology. The researchers had to design special micro-instruments to measure the extremely small forces perpetuated by the small hairs, or setae, on the geckos feet. They found that at the end of these setae there are small pads, or spatulae. Geckos can have anywhere between hundreds to thousands of these setae on each foot. The data gathered indicated that the forces responsible for the geckos adhesive properties were Van der Waals forces. By definition, Van der Waals forces occur when two surfaces become e xtremely close to one another so that their respective electronegativity causes them to bind with a great amount of strength. The spatulae can get extremely close to the surfaces upon which geckos walk and this allows the Van der Waals forces to hold with an exponential amount of energy. Being stuck to the surface has not been the root of the problem. It was more important to the researchers to find out how the gecko can get free of the Van der Waals forces so quickly. They reported that geckos adhere and remove these forces up to 15 times a second. It was discovered that the gecko uses a special technique of peeling its feet off at approximately a 30 degree angle with each step. This new discovery gives scientists hope for developing new technology in powerful adhesion without residue. ...

Supply Chain and Logistics Technology Research Paper

Supply Chain and Logistics Technology - Research Paper Example From equipping transport executives with highly computerized gadgets that track inventory, or depending on wireless instruments to check the temperature level of frozen items as they are being transported all through the supply chain, it is evidently clear that the supply chain industry has appreciated and understood the importance of wireless technology (Frost and Sullivan – wireless devices, 2009). Wireless technology is increasingly assisting the companies within the supply chain industry to operate faster, better, smarter and increasingly more efficiently in a competitive global industry. There are specific mobility and wireless trends happening within the supply chain industry, which can be beneficial to individuals engaged in the logistics and supply chain business.Wireless Technology Enhances Transparency n the supply chain and logistics management industry, participants are continuously under pressure to minimize expenses as a strategy of profit maximization. Logistics managers are therefore keen on cutting back on certain costs such as labor and fuel. A slight increase in these expenses beyond a company's projections may negatively affect the company's profitability, especially when multiplied across different stages in the supply chain. In this regard, organizations are continuously resulting in wireless software applications that offer to trace and tracking abilities that lead to greater transparency and efficacy.   Wireless solutions are preferred since they can provide proof of delivery of shipped goods.

Macroeconomics of Botswana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics of Botswana - Research Paper Example ional firm of diamond contracted a ten-year agreement with Botswana to shift Botswana’s sorting of rough stone and division of trading by 2013, from London to Gaborone. This transformation will help support the decline of industry of diamond in Botswana, (Norda?s, Gilbert and Gloria 52). The economic freedom of Botswana ranges to about 70.6, achieving the 30th position of the freest economy in the index of 2013. It has an average score of 1.0 point grater that 2012 mainly because of progressive improvements in liberty from economic corruption and government expenditure management. The country is the second in forty-six nations in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa and has average score greater than the global and regional averages. The economy of Botswana is expanding mainly due to foreign investment fueled by reduced taxes, stability in political structure and climate and an extensively educated labor force. Botswana is a better example in extensive natural resources endowments , (Phirinyane 23). Corruption level is low in Botswana and an independent judiciary enacts agreements efficiently and safeguards property rights. A relatively efficient regulatory environment and open trade policies have underpinned competitiveness, whereas exports of diamond have reinforced effective foreign exchange flows. The department of finance is effectively developed, with a reliable central bank as well as minimal interventions by the government. Even though, the public debts are still low, the administration has attempted consolidation of fiscal to lower increased deficits of the global meltdown. The outstanding external level of debts of Botswana remains low and sustainable based of surpluses of perennial budget and extensive external policies of debts, irrespective of its current... This paper explores the economy of Botswana with specific emphasis on market labor, economic growth, taxes, debts and key factors, that impact economic growth of the nation. Botswana has been among the top popular world’s economic rate of growth starting independence. Nevertheless, the growth of economy was slow in 2009, with thirty percent decline of industrial sector, after the worldwide crisis minimized the Botswana’s diamonds demand. Even though, the Botswana witnessed economic recovery in 2010, the growth of GDP has similarly reduced. Via fiscal discipline as well as proper management, the country regenerated itself from the slowest economically growing nation and attained a middle-income nation with about sixteen thousand and eight hundred dollar GDP per capita by 2012. The economic freedom of Botswana ranges to about 70.6, achieving the 30th position of the freest economy in the index of 2013. It has an average score of 1.0 point grater that 2012 mainly because of progressive improvements in liberty from economic corruption and government expenditure management. The country is the second in forty-six nations in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa and has average score greater than the global and regional averages. The economy of Botswana is expanding mainly due to foreign investment fueled by reduced taxes, stability in political structure and climate and extensively educated labor force. The labor market of Botswana experiences constraints like increased unemployment levels and mismatch among supply and demand of labor.