Richard Rodriguez :: essays research papers

&9Close Reading&9"It mattered that education was changing me. It never ceased to matter. My pal and siss would giggle at our mothers mispronounced words. Theyd correct her gently. My mother laughed girlishly one night, tenseing non to pronounce sheep as ship. From a outdo I listened sullenly. From that distance, pretending not to notice on another occasion, I saw my father looking at the title pages of my library sacred scriptures. That was the scene on my mind when I walked home with a fourth-grade partner and heard him say that his parents examine to him every night. (A strange sounding book-Winnie the Pooh.) Immediately, I wanted to know, what is it equivalent?" My companion, however, suasion I wanted to know nearly the spell of the book. Another day, my mother surprised me by asking for a "nice" book to read. "Something not in addition hard you think I might like." carefully I chose one, Willa Cathers My Antonia. But when, several weeks late r, I happened to see it next to her bed unread omit for the first few pages, I was furious and of a sudden wanted to cry. I grabbed up the book and took it back to my room and placed it in its place, alphabetically on my shelf." (p.626-627)&9As seen in this paragraph of Richard Rodriguezs autobiographical essay "Achievement of Desire", he looks back on his childhood remembering his family, friends, and himself. Although, he can only recall feeling irritation and sadness at the fact that his parents were poorly educated. His feelings are first seen when he listens sullenly to his mother try and pronounce the word sheep correctly. It seems like he is angered at the not only his mother for not speaking correct English but also his siblings for not correcting her harshly. He adds beforehand that his brother and sister would giggle at her for pronouncing words wrong and that they would "correct her gently." &9Also Rodriguez feels emptiness, and sadness when his f riend informs him that his parents read "Winnie the Pooh" to him every night and young Richard wants to know what it is like (being read to). What made him feel this emptiness or sadness was when his friend mistook his question and told him the plot of the book instead. "My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book." He wants to know what it is like to have educated parents that can read to him but that is not possible.Richard Rodriguez essays research papers &9Close Reading&9"It mattered that education was changing me. It never ceased to matter. My brother and sisters would giggle at our mothers mispronounced words. Theyd correct her gently. My mother laughed girlishly one night, trying not to pronounce sheep as ship. From a distance I listened sullenly. From that distance, pretending not to notice on another occasion, I saw my father looking at the title pages of my library books. That was the scene on my mind when I walked home with a fourth-grade companion and heard him say that his parents read to him every night. (A strange sounding book-Winnie the Pooh.) Immediately, I wanted to know, what is it like?" My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book. Another day, my mother surprised me by asking for a "nice" book to read. "Something not too hard you think I might like." Carefully I chose one, Willa Cathers My Antonia. But when, several weeks later, I happened to see it next to her bed unread except for the first few pages, I was furious and suddenly wanted to cry. I grabbed up the book and took it back to my room and placed it in its place, alphabetically on my shelf." (p.626-627)&9As seen in this paragraph of Richard Rodriguezs autobiographical essay "Achievement of Desire", he looks back on his childhood remembering his family, friends, and himself. Although, he can only recall feeling anger and sadness at the fact that his parents were poor ly educated. His feelings are first seen when he listens sullenly to his mother try and pronounce the word sheep correctly. It seems like he is angered at the not only his mother for not speaking correct English but also his siblings for not correcting her harshly. He adds beforehand that his brother and sister would giggle at her for pronouncing words wrong and that they would "correct her gently." &9Also Rodriguez feels emptiness, and sadness when his friend informs him that his parents read "Winnie the Pooh" to him every night and young Richard wants to know what it is like (being read to). What made him feel this emptiness or sadness was when his friend mistook his question and told him the plot of the book instead. "My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book." He wants to know what it is like to have educated parents that can read to him but that is not possible.

Analysis of Nothings changed by Tatmkhulu Afrika :: essays research papers

The numbers Nothings changed is based on an apartheid in district six near cape town in south Africa exploring the portrayal of racism. The humorous title reveals to the proofreader how the apartheid has changed nothing but the physical appearance of district six. The poet gives the reader the conception that the talker in the poem has grown up throughout his childhood in district six and has left and returned after the apartheid has supposedly begun. The poem is written in enjambment and is utter as a narrative, in stanza one the speaker has returned to district six that has evicted all its ethnic cultures to be re manoeuverd by a colour minority, to find that the place is a shambles and sight yield no respect for it he dialog well-nigh the seeding grasses thrust bearded seeds into trouser cuffs, cans, trodden on this shows how littered it has become, the position he mentions it shows the reader it did not use to be like that. Also the mention of the purple-flowering amia ble weeds, purple being the colour known for dried blood implies to the reader that somewhat sort of massacre went on throughout the apartheid, and amiable meaning sociable and friendly as a mask oer what is really going on in the village. The overall emotion in the poem is revengeful and tragic, however the emotion from the speaker is anger and repulsion towards the white minority and the way they have took over the blacks home, he is aware that he has entered district six without any acknowledgement towards his surrounding, the way he says District six. As a short sentence sounds cold but built up with anger, he knows where he is and he doesnt particularly loss to be there. No wit says it but my feet know, this gives the impression he has steps on this ground many times before for his own feel to be aware of its surroundings, and the skin about my bones, and the soft labouring of my lungs, and the hot, white, inward turning anger of my eyes. The repetition of and makes the wor ding like a list and makes out the speaker has endless bad feelings towards this environment. Afrika and then talks about the new buildings that have emerged since he has been gone to illustrate the diverse condition between the two complaisant cultures within his society.He talks about the new building flaring like a flag as if it is taunting him, it squats in the grass and weeds, this gives the reader a horrible impression of the place but also implies the building stand out of its surrounds, it doesnt belong there.Analysis of Nothings changed by Tatmkhulu Afrika essays research paperThe poem Nothings changed is based on an apartheid in district six near cape town in south Africa exploring the portrayal of racism. The ironic title reveals to the reader how the apartheid has changed nothing but the physical appearance of district six. The poet gives the reader the impression that the speaker in the poem has grown up throughout his childhood in district six and has left and re turned after the apartheid has supposedly begun. The poem is written in enjambment and is said as a narrative, in stanza one the speaker has returned to district six that has evicted all its ethnic cultures to be replaced by a white minority, to find that the place is a shambles and people have no respect for it he talks about the seeding grasses thrust bearded seeds into trouser cuffs, cans, trodden on this shows how littered it has become, the fact he mentions it shows the reader it did not use to be like that. Also the mention of the purple-flowering amiable weeds, purple being the colour known for dried blood implies to the reader that some sort of massacre went on throughout the apartheid, and amiable meaning sociable and friendly as a mask over what is really going on in the village. The overall emotion in the poem is revengeful and tragic, however the emotion from the speaker is anger and repulsion towards the white minority and the way they have took over the blacks home, h e is aware that he has entered district six without any acknowledgement towards his surrounding, the way he says District six. As a short sentence sounds cold but built up with anger, he knows where he is and he doesnt particularly want to be there. No board says it but my feet know, this gives the impression he has steps on this ground many times before for his own feel to be aware of its surroundings, and the skin about my bones, and the soft labouring of my lungs, and the hot, white, inward turning anger of my eyes. The repetition of and makes the wording like a list and makes out the speaker has endless bad feelings towards this environment. Afrika then talks about the new buildings that have emerged since he has been gone to illustrate the diverse condition between the two social cultures within his society.He talks about the new building flaring like a flag as if it is taunting him, it squats in the grass and weeds, this gives the reader a horrible impression of the place but also implies the building stand out of its surrounds, it doesnt belong there.

America Under Siege :: essays research papers

America under SiegeOne the greatest bastions of freedom and democracy in our world is now under siege by cowardly forces.The terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon is not only an attack against the US, tho an attack against the ideal Western civilised world. There is nothing more despised and cowardly then a terrorist attack on innocent bystanders, except yet it is still unrivalled of the most effective weapons in the world today. It has been used before and will probably be used again, as we assimilate from the attacks in the US. This is the warfare of the new Millennium. No country can be prepared for terrorist attacks and defend against them, especially not for one in such scale as the attack on the US. When seeing the pictures on CNN for the first time, I first believed that this was a hoax, a movie or something like that, but curtly the fearful truth hit me this was for real I have read things like this in books and seen them in the movies, but I fo r one, did not believe that this would happen. In 1996, Tom Clancy wrote a book called Executive orders, where he described a scenario which is not so far from what happened on Tuesday a plane crashes into Capitol Hill, killing the entire Congress and the president of the USA. You can say that Clancy almost predicted that something like this would happen, and so did the intelligence community. Already in 1993 a secret Pentagon report called Terror2000 described viable terrorist scenarios against American interests, and in fact, several of those scenarios have come true indeed. America under siege.I remember reading Tom Clancys number one seller Executive orders, and thinking that it would be so cool if I could experience something like that. Well, I did, and the rest of the world did on the 11. of September 2001. And I realised how wrong I was when thinking that something like that would be cool to experience.Tom Clancy starts his book with a poem written by Colleen C. Hitchcock, called the Ascension, and I think that it is very appropriate for this occasion AscensionAnd if I go,while youre still hereKnow that I live on,vibrating to a polar measure-- behind a thin veil you cannot see through.You will not see me,so you must have faith.

Verbal Aggression :: science

Verbal AggressionVerbal aggression is message behavior which attacks a persons self-concept in order to deliver psychological pain.(Infante, 1995) Studies of verbal aggression have focused primarily on children and adolescents in educational and social settings. Very few studies were free-base to examine verbal aggression in adults in the workplace.(Ebbesen, Duncan, Konecni, 1974) The consequences of verbal aggression in the workplace can lead to social isolation, job related stress, wellness related problems, as well as problems in career advancement. It therefore should be considered important, for the individual and management, to identify and address the causes of verbal aggression. This course of instruction attempts to understand verbal aggression by 1) identifying the various functions of verbal aggression. 2) identifying the anticipatory conditions of verbal aggression. 3) Avoiding the antecedent conditions of verbal aggression. Method Subject The radical, Shirley J., is a 49 year old African American female. Shirley J. has several advanced degrees and is employed as a school psychologist in a metropolitan school district. She is married with two adult children. The subject readily agreed that the target behavior, verbal aggression, is a problem as it interferes with her relationships with others. She was enthusiastic in her desire to reduce, if not eliminate, this behavior. It would seem that self-monitoring for verbal aggression and antecedent control would be valuable as it would allow for consistent avoidance of verbal aggression. As a school psychologist the subject was very familiar with the elemental principles of applied behavioral analysis and frequently offered programmatic suggestions. A behavioral contract was developed jointly between the therapist and subject. The contract outlined the target behavior, achievement criteria, and individual responsibilities of the therapist and subject. (see Appendix A) Apparatus A basic checklist was used to document the frequency of verbal aggression on a daily basis. The checklist was intentional to track only the occurrence of the behavior. It was felt by the therapist that the content of the verbally aggressive message would be too open for subjective meter reading and that no meaningful data would be gained from such documentation. In addition the subject made frequent comments of significant success or failure in avoiding verbal aggression for discussion with the therapist. The weekly discussions were used to evaluate the appropriateness of the procedures used and make any necessary adjustments to the program. Procedure For the first two weeks of the program no intervention was applied. Given that the subject self-reported that verbal aggression was a problem it was important to determine if the frequency of the behavior merited intervention.

Quarrel De La Rose :: essays research papers

Christine de Pisan in her Querrel de la Rose criticizes Roman de la Rose, which is a love poem. This poem describes the ultimately in(predicate) quest of a lover for the mystical and fleshly Rose. Christine is totally against the poem and attacks of strongly.It is marvelous how Christine de Pisan starts her writing in Quarrel de la Rose. She starts showing you coldness of her self, and appears very calm. She stings you then in a sweet style illuminating why is she against the work she is criticizing.Her modesty can be seen, or better to vociferation her understatement, in page 125. When you continue reading and you reach the middle of it, you will see how gradually transforms from calmness to showing strong protest, which is covered up with courtly style. Still the ironic tone she uses exposes her disapproval. An example for her emotional ironical tone would be seen in page 128, which she dedicates to discuss the issue of women in the work she is criticizing.I agree with Christi ne de Pisan on condemning the poem, exclusively I disagree with her in the manner she represents her disapproval and the way she protests against the work. She expresses her refusal to such a poem by the way she chooses words. It is seen in her using the language, which reflects her feelings towards the work mentioned, such as in page 127. When the page is read, it will be clear that her emotions control her style. She is not being objective, but she has a very good case against the work shes criticizing as I believe,Further more, another matter I disagree with her in that she should arouse read the book she is criticizing with carefulness and patience. In page 126, she admits that she read it with rush. In my opinion, any one who criticizes, or even protests against any work, which is in this case a

Quarrel De La Rose :: essays research papers

Christine de Pisan in her Querrel de la Rose criticizes Roman de la Rose, which is a love poem. This poem describes the ultimately successful request of a lover for the mystical and fleshly Rose. Christine is totally against the poem and attacks of strongly.It is marvelous how Christine de Pisan starts her writing in Quarrel de la Rose. She starts showing you modesty of her self, and appears actually calm. She stings you then in a sweet style illuminating why is she against the work she is criticizing.Her modesty can be seen, or better to call her understatement, in page 125. When you continue takeing and you reach the middle of it, you will see how gradually transforms from calmness to showing strong protest, which is covered up with polite style. withal the ironic tone she uses exposes her disapproval. An example for her emotional ironical tone would be seen in page 128, which she dedicates to discuss the issue of women in the work she is criticizing.I tick off with Christine de Pisan on condemning the poem, but I disagree with her in the way she represents her disapproval and the way she protests against the work. She expresses her refusal to such a poem by the way she chooses words. It is seen in her using the language, which reflects her feelings towards the work mentioned, such as in page 127. When the page is read, it will be clear that her emotions control her style. She is not being objective, but she has a very good case against the work shes criticizing as I believe,Further more, another matter I disagree with her in that she should have read the book she is criticizing with carefulness and patience. In page 126, she admits that she read it with rush. In my opinion, any one who criticizes, or even protests against any work, which is in this case a

The Problem with 6 Digits Dating

What started of as a noble act of saving well-nigh memory space turned out to be a quake, capable of trembling the world to its core. When maiden inventors set the year with devil digits instead of four, footling did they realize that by 1st January 2000 it would cause arithmetic delinquencies and confuses the entire system.For example, a bank transaction on the 25th of July 1997 would be recorded as 07/25/97. Many software add the value 1900 to the two digits code to calculate the actual year.A credit card charged on 1st of January 2000 would catch to bear the interest of 99 eld because the transaction date would read 01/01/00. This means the computers assume that the same transaction took place on 01/01/1900.Another major(ip) problem with six digits dating occurs when we tend to compare the pre and post 2000 dates. For example, 01/09/99 and 01/01/00, when converted into a simple code they would read 990901 and 000101 respectively. Obviously 990901 is older than 000101, which in reality is not true.As the computers stinkernot process the current date as year 2000 marches in, it is also unable to calculate the springiness year. All years divisible by 4 is considered as a leap year except for centuries. A century will be considered as a leap year only if it is divisible by 400. For example, 1996 is considered as a leap year because it is divisible by 4 (1996 4 = 499) wherelse 1997 is not (1997/4 = 499.25). On the hand the hand, 1900 is not a leap year for it is not divisible by 400 (1900/400=4.75). Year 2000 is a leap year for it is divisible by 400 (2000/400 = 5) (with reference to explanation from http//www.ast.cam.ac.uk/RGO/leaflets/leapyear/leapyear.html).As we step into the year 2000, existing computers will not be able to differentiate the two digits year anymore. The 00 date field might be assumed as 1900 instead of 2000. Thus calculations that involve a date would provide wrong answers. On the 1st of January 2000, computers will define this day a s 01/01/00 and regards the year as 1900, leaving us 99 years behind time. This will interrupt human race services, bank transactions, loan interest calculations and many more, causing formidable loss of billions of dollars.Only a few systems could be spared from the Y2K and it has been estimated that there are 500 billion lines of application code worldwide, with some 85% of which needs to be corrected.Various reports stated that by the turn of the millennium, as much as 50% of all told businesses which failed to address the year 2000 challenge would fall apart. Besides being deadly, expensive and extensive, the year 2000 problem affects hardware (BIOS, real-time clocks), embedded firmware, languages and compilers, operating systems, random turn generators, database management systems, transaction-processing systems, banking systems, PBX, flight scheduling and any other system that deals with dates.Surfing the net would prove that the Y2Ks awareness level is growing with more mor e sites give to this problem. Managers and IT resources are becoming heavy-hearted thinking about their future as 31st December 1999 rolls in. Knowing that there is going to be an IT disaster does not athletic supporter much especially when there are few resources to handle the problem.A rough estimation to create solutions for the Y2K issue concentrated on something like US $400 -600 billion dollars worldwide. An additional 200,000 COBOL programmers will also be required.Organizations are not the only ones that are going to suffer from the virulent millennium bug, it can be anyone, even a personal computer user.

Ergonomics And The Workplace Health And Social Care Essay

The pattern of galosh in exercise endow has seen unbelievable progresss as clip has gone, due to rise in engineering, although there is still considerable sum of challenges that comes in signifier of hurts and unwellnesss ( Hopwood and Thompson, 2006 ) . This is where biotechnologies comes to play a function in doing the workplace safe for activities that would be carried by by the employee. Biotechnologies draws on many subjects in its survey of worlds and their surrounds, including anthropometry, biomechanics, mechanical technology, industrial technology, industrial use, kinesiology, physiology and psychological science ( Wikipedia, 2010 ) .Unsafe, unhealthy, uncomfortable or inefficient state of affairss at work or in mundane life ar avoided by taking history of the physical and physiological capablenesss and restrictions of worlds ( Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993 ) . Human wellness and safety is at optimal scope when the workplace environmental parametric quantities are suited for the employee ( Story, 2010 ) . Each twelvemonth, ill designed merchandises and workplaces account for 1000s of hurts and skyrocketing costs. That is why biotechnologies the human factor in merchandise and workplace design is fast going a major concern of sacrificers ( Gross, 1995 ) .This say is ab out how is about using and proper preparation on the usage of biotechnologies to mundane workplace stomach forestall life endangering unwellnesss, uncomfortableness, accidents, and how employers can salvage money by caterpillar track downing costs colligate to issues akin workers compensation, absenteeism and bend over, as it firebrands operations more efficient by making work topographic transport designs with fewer mistakes and better on workplace exploiter friendliness ( MacLeod, 1995 ) , with the end of cut downing musculoskeletal uncomfortableness, addition work productiveness, efficiency and comfort, as an employee who is more comfy is more productive ( Meriano and Late lla, 2008 ) .1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study is to cognize what biotechnologies is all approximately and how it can be incorporated into the wellness and safety sector.The aims of this study are Reduce risks factors associated with ill designed work Stationss and,To think a workplace that is suited for the human extreme structure instead than the human organic structure accommodating to workplace.To be able to place, step, control and handle the occupational wellness possibilitys/agents in the workplace which may do ill-health to employees.2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?Biotechnologies is the scientific discipline of suiting workplace conditions and occupation demands to the capablenesss of the functional population, it tends to look into work related jobs that poses a hazard of musculoskeletal overthrows and ways of relieving them ( Cohen et al, 1997 ) . It is besides the applied scientific discipline that is devoted to supply comfort, efficienc y and safety into the design of points in the work topographic point ( Shelly and Vermaat, 2010 ) , ergonomic intercession can profit both employer and employee ( Meriano and Latella, 2008 ) .The International Ergonomics Association defines biotechnologies as followsBiotechnologies ( or human factors ) is the scientific subject concerned with the apprehension of interactions among worlds and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, rules, knowledges and methods to plan in order to optimise human wellbeing and boilers suit system public presentation.A big figure of factors play a function in biotechnologies these include organic structure position and motion, environmental factors, information and operation every bit good as work organisation. Biotechnologies differs from other Fieldss by its interdisciplinary attack and applied nature ( Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993 ) .The benefits of biotechnologies include occupation happiness and enhanced worker motive , added problem-solving capablenesss, and greater credence of alteration. Involving staffs can assist to place occupation jeopardies, suggest ways to command these jeopardies and works with direction in make up ones minding how to set this control in topographic point.2.2 WHO IS AN ERGONOMIST?An Ergonomist is one who has equal cognition of the relation between worlds wellness and worlds public presentation ( Schlick, 2009 ) taking into affection the occupation, equipment utilise and information used ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomics ) . Harmonizing to Dul and Weerdmeester, 1993, the professional ergonomists can work for the governments ( statute law ) , developing establishments ( universities and colleges ) , research constitutions, the service attention ( consultancy ) and production sector ( occupational wellness services, forces sections, design sections, research sections, etc. ) , they besides wrote that the ergonomist highlights the countri es where ergonomic cognition is indispensable, provides ergonomic guidelines and advises interior decorators, buyers, direction and employees, on which are more acceptable systems.2.3 HISTORY OF ERGONOMICSScience of Ergonomics dates back to 1717, when Bernadino Ramazzini, male parent of occupational medical specialty, speculated on factors within the work environment that contributed to his patients unwellnesss, he described violent and irregular gestures, of a sudden set position and tonic change form on the musculus as factors that contributed to musculoskeletal strivings in his patients ( Meriano and Latella, 2008 ) .However, in the wholeed Kingdom, biotechnologies started in 1917 in World War I when the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Medical Research Council were asked to look into industrial conditions, especially of weaponries workers, this led to the constitution of Industrial Fatigue Research Board who performed research on above subject in 1929 because of the expanded range of work ( hours of work, preparation, accidents, illuming and airing, and design of the machinery. In 1949, the Ergonomics Research Society was established at a meeting held by a little group of research workers at the Admiralty this make the society the earliest to be formed in the universe ( Meister, 1999 ) .2.4 LEGAL CONTROL OF ERGONOMICSThe jurisprudence serves as a critical map in complex societal scene as it provides criterions or guidelines that define unacceptable and acceptable human behavior. A breach in this jurisprudence can be considered misdemeanor of the jurisprudence and the transgressor could confront civil or condemnable punishments the legal system of every governmental legal power and at every storey of organized society must invariably accommodate to altering demands, so at that place has and will be a go oning gush of imperative Torahs. It is for this ground that the legal system is based on constructs of human mistakes. Liabili ty bar or extenuation is the turning away of mistake by probe, analysis, rating, hazard judgment, disciplinary action, and preventative redresss. The chance of a scientist or applied scientist holding contact with jurisprudence is high, it is wise to go familiar with the country of web ( Marras and Karwowski, 2006 ) , as there are a myriad of functions that can be played in province or federal common jurisprudence actions, workers compensation instances, allegations of statutory misdemeanors, arbitrations or mediations, authorities bureau hearings, or commendations affecting Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) , Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) ( Vinal, 1999 ) . Harmonizing to Health and Safety at Work ( HASAW ) Act 1974, which is statute law, it states that it is the responsibility of the employer to transport out a hazard appraisal in the work topographic point. Failure to this is regarded as a breach in the jurisprudence and has its effects.2.5 METHOD S OF UNDERTAKING ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENTThe cardinal end of human-centered technology is to fit human features such as organic structure coat, strengths and failings, and capablenesss and penchants with the relevant properties of equipment, pioneers, and process ( Kroemer, 2006 ) .The different methods used in the appraisal of biotechnologies include I Physical methodsII Psycho physiological methodsIII behavioral and Cognitive MethodsIV Team methodsV Environmental methodsVI Macroergonomics methods( Stanton et al. , 2005 )All these methods make usage of the following techniques listed below Measurement squadsAnthropometric techniquesMeasuring wide awake capablenesssMeasuring musculus strengthMeasuring mental work loadMeasuring vision capablenesssSystematic assemblage of informationThe ideal field appraisal tools used should possess the undermentioned properties Predictive the tool should supply prognostic step of hazard of musculoskeletal hurt,Robust can be used in any work state of affairs,Cheap tool can be available at minimum pecuniary cost,Non-invasive should non impact when worker performs or office work flow,Quick appraisal could be performed rapidly,Easy to utilize tool could be used with minimum preparation,( Marras and Karwowski, 2006 ) .3.0 METHODOLOGY3.1 INTEGRATED ERGONOMICS ASSESSMENT FOR THE cut back STATIONFor the intent of this appraisal to be make, several protocols would hold to be met. The first thing that would be done is to acquire a work plaza that can be used to transport out an ergonomics appraisal, and the Help Desk in the Learning Resource Centre ( LRC ) has been selected. A proposed meeting was set up with the Manager of the LRC to acquire permission to transport out the appraisal, the director approved of this and forwarded prerequisite messages to the supervisors in the LRC who helped in finishing the undertaking. A confidentiality questionnaire was handed to one of the supervisors, which was alter and returned and would be u sed as a point of mention in the seconds. Using anthropometric method of ergonomic hazard appraisal, measuring of the work berth would be taken utilizing a measurement tape and images snapped for farther grounds of the work ship for biotechnologies assessment. Ergonomics appraisal on the work station would be done on the footing of the undertaking carried out. The undertaking carried out in the Help Desk in the LRC involves assisting pupils use the computing machine systems to turn up books in the library and assisting to set up books in shelves. For this ground, there is the demand to jump between sitting down and standing. Below is a chart that shows a plan on how the work would be carried out.Observation circumstances IdentificationBiotechnologies Assessment EvaluationHazard ValidationControl and proctorReappraisalChart 1 Flow Plan on the methodological analysis of the ergonomic appraisal.4.0 RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONThe peculiar work station selected for this biotechnology was cautiously observed for the different undertaking carried out to see if there is any job associated with the work topographic point. Anthropometric technique was used to transport out this work by getting measurings of the work topographic point.4.1 Observation The support desk offered aid in transporting out this work after permission was granted by the Manager of the LRC. Looking carefully at the manner work was done and inquiring inquiries from the staff being monitored were put into consideration, besides exposure were taken to besides acquire a uncontaminating image of how the employee carries out the undertaking.Fig 1 A Staff transporting out her responsibilities on a Ocular Display Unit.4.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION jeopardy duty assignment was obtained chiefly by inquiring inquiries from the employee on the work station, doing usage of a questionnaire and sing the work station for possible activities that may do wellness upset ( s ) and affect the employee. Health and Sa fety at Work ( HASAW ) Act 1974 demands that the employer should do certain that employers carry out a hazard appraisal in the work environment to guarantee safety of staffs. See consequence in table 1 below. remand 1 Hazard Identification on the aid desk.HazardHazard facetImpact/ EffectPositionHunched position ( ensuing from weariness and long hours of working )Stiffness of the spinal column, neck opening, and carpus from working excessively long on the opthalmic Display UnitAssortment of wellness jobs, like caved shoulders, muscular instabilities, rounding of the upper dorsum and a inclination to tilt frontward while walking.Incidence of lower dorsum upsets.MotionDistortion of the waist, cervix, stretching the manus and retention in that place for a long clip ( striving musculuss in the manus )Pain and strain on cervix musculuss and waist. tense up on musculuss of the weaponries while stretching causes weariness of the arm musculus.Ocular Display Unit ( VDU ) , keyboard and mou se.Fixed place of the cervix when staring at the VDU, and emphasis on fingers from excessively much typewriting, writhing and flexing of the carpus when managing the mouse.Makes the employee aware of some oculus defects that he/she was non cognizant of. Striving of the weaponries to make the mouse and distortion of the carpus to acquire to the keyboard and catching the mouse.4.3 ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENTBiotechnologies appraisal on the work station showed that the design of the station has a defend mark as it accommodates the employee and has a low hazard degree. Below is a tabular array of the entire ergonomic hazard factor and how it was derived.Table 2 Ergonomic Work Position Evaluation.Assessed by Igho Date14/12/2010Ergonomic Evaluation Risk Factor Static Points Comments/ActionWork Positions ( Siting )0 platinums 2 platinums 4 platinumsv if 20 secs +X 3 if inactiveNeck ( Flexion ) flexing caput frontwardvv6 bookShoulders ( Raising cubituss )vv6ModerateWrists/Handsvv6Moderate anchor ( flexure ) flexing frontward at the hipsvv12HighHiking Shouldersvv0LowWrithing ( falsely with pess stationary )vv0LowTable 3 chore factor EvaluationUndertaking FactorsPoints AwardedMuscle forceLow v Moderate High0VibrationLow v Moderate High0Lighting skillful v Fair Poor0Workplace TemperatureComfortable v Warm/Cool Hot/Cold0Table 4 Hazard Factor sum on the work station.Risk Factor entire Risk Factor Points Total Comments/Action0 platinums 2 platinums 4ptsWork Positions0 7 8 15 16 pts+= 4High ( 8-12 )Undertaking factors0 8 9 15 16 pts+= 0= 4Moderate ( 4 7 )Raising0 7 8 13 14 pts+= 0Low ( 0 3 )Table 5 make out DescriptorScaleFormConsequenceControl0-3LowLittle or no ailments of musculus achings and strivingsTaking of short clip interruptions4-7ModerateStress and weariness on musculuss which is tolerableChoice of an employee to pull off how undertakings are being carried out8-12HighWork Musculoskeletal upset, inactive burden on musculuss leads to plaguy weariness on musculu ssDecrease of work that can do musculoskeletal upset and preparation of staffs to go more cognizant of ergonomic hazard factors related to musculoskeletal upsets.Below is a study on the work station used in the LRC, measured in centimeter.48cm 24cm96cm 48cm 72cmFloorFig 1 drawing and measuring of the work station.The study above can be compared to the British criterion dimension to cognize if the mensural work station meets up with the criterion.Table 6 Work topographic point measuring compared with British Standard DimensionMeasured Work StationBritish Standard Dimension ( fifth 95th Percentile ( assorted Population 19 65 year )Popliteal tallness48cm44cmThigh Clearance23cmTable Height ( Popliteal eyeshade + Siting Elbow tallness )72cm68.5cmSiting Shoulder Height Position57cm59cmBack remainder48cmHazard VALIDATIONBased on the production of a well ergonomically fitted out(p) work station, a good control and reappraisal of the work station, and everything put in order, informatio n and preparation of employees there may still be a job that can present as a menace to the work topographic point. This can be seen in workers habit sitting frontward on the chair, sitting in the center of the chair, tilting on arm remainder and back remainder, weaponries resting on the tabular array are some illustrations of employees habit, and this can ensue in intervertebral phonograph record hurts and back jobs as the musculuss of the dorsum are easy stressed.CONTROL AND MONITORINGTo command occupational wellness and safety hazards, onward motion of public presentation and benefits in work topographic points in order to extinguish or minimise hazard to employees and other interested parties exposed to hazards associated with its activities, it is necessary to implement, keep and continually better occupational wellness and safety in the work topographic point.The followers can be used to command and supervise ongoing activities and undertakings in the work topographic point Avoid Unnatural Position flexing the trunk/head sideways is more harmful than flexing forwardThe on the job country should be located so that it is at the best distance from the eyes of the operator.Hand clasp, stuffs and tools should be arranged in such a manner that the most frequent motions are carried out with the cubituss set and near to the organic structure.Manipulations can be made easier by utilizing supports under the cubituss, forearms or custodies. hyperbolize/soft warm stuffs that can be adjustable to suite people of different sizes.It is indispensable that the workplace should be suited to the organic structure size and mobility of the operator/employee, since neutral/natural positions and motions are a necessary portion of efficient work.Neck and caput position caput and cervix should non be dead set frontward by more than 30 grades when the bole is vertical, else weariness and problems may happen.4.6 ReappraisalHaving seen that ergonomically, the work station is tol erable, and staffs have been informed on how to place themselves whilst working, there is need to reexamine work pattern every three months to guarantee and implement that the manner of working is still in topographic point to avoid hurts that may hold built up with clip.4.7 RecommendationAfter mensurating the work station and comparing with the British criterion measuring, it is recommended that the chair ( adjustable ) should be adjusted to suit the user so as to acquire the comfortability needed in order non to emphasize and strive musculuss in the dorsum and pess. The mouse and Visual display unit should be ergonomically put in topographic point to the comfort of the operator, to cut down tenseness and strain to the eyes, custodies and carpusBiotechnology policy AND CONCLUSION5.1 ERGONOMICS PolicyThe intent of this policy is to endeavor staffs to adhere to guidelines in the work topographic point with the purpose of guaranting a safe working environment every bit good as to con vey wellness jeopardy to a lower limit. It is the direction s duty to transport out responsibilities under the Health and Safety at work Act 1974 and other statute law including amendments to guarantee safe working patterns and work environment. For this ground, the aid desk shall inhabit to the undermentioned guidelines Biotechnologies attempts shall be embedded, maintained and preserved on the aid desk in Learning Resource Centre ( LRC ) to guarantee a safe and healthy work topographic point environment for employees.Cooperation of work force in doing certain that ergonomic betterment is realised. ( Joint attempt of directors, supervisors, employees and other back uping staffs )Appellation of station to a responsible employee to look into that workers are good positioned, to forestall Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the work station.Training of staffs to be more cognizant of ergonomic hazard factors related to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders.Informing staffs abou t biotechnologies and its hazard factors can assist to cut down cost of intervention of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders, as the budgeted cost can be used as employees benefits.This policy would be implemented and reviewed three times a twelvemonth to guarantee that the wellness conditions of the employees are in order, to cut down money spent on handling employees for work related musculoskeletal upsets. This policy would be handed to each staff through information and preparations and in written signifier.5.2 DecisionAfter a thorough ergonomic scrutiny of the aid desk in the LRC, and measuring the working environment, proper biotechnologies rating was done and command steps put in Topographic point every bit good as a policy for the safety and wellness of the employees so as to cut down opportunities of the hazard of holding a staff complain about a work related musculoskeletal upset. Control measures used after ergonomic appraisal and hazard proof was carriedout is to assi st in cut downing the opportunities of acquiring a work related musculoskeletal upset and cost of intervention from hurts sustained ( if any at all, sing the tolerable sum derived from the rating and opportunities of any hurt sustained, this is as a consequence of proper preparation of the staffs ) .

Sample Paper Historical and Modern Management Practices

Explained in-depth throughout the entirety of the article is the 20th century guidance techniques pioneered by Taylor, then reformed by Weber and Payola, contrasted against the up-of-its-time behavioral way and the 21 SST century market-based management styles. Credit will of course be abandoned where earned to the first style since it is focused on a centralized, bureaucratic method that worked extremely well in the Industrial change time period. until now in todays market place it is no longer as effective a method.At present, managers must learn much from what the second style emphasizes, which is a much horizontal and incorporated standpoint. Robert Alger follows the behavioral method. To develop a deeper understanding for each possibleness and its teachings, real world examples and applications are littered throughout the paper.Implications and recommendations for managers who want to seduce immediate and measurable value for their firms are provided. Key words vigila nce, management history, scientific management, bureaucracy, Weber, Payola, Taylor, Foulest, Disney world, value driven management, market-based management. I introduction In order to fully assess the variant qualities of these various forms of management and properly discern and dissect the characteristics of each, it is imperative that the definition of what a manager actually is and does is first defined.The position of manager, in any organization, is responsible for allocating the resources of the firm in the most efficient and effective steerings outside(a) Journal of Management Research and appear Sciences, 3(1 ), 75-96. Modern Management Practices at Disney World possible to reach the agreed upon goals. The level of manager one is determines to what degree of authority there is over allocating these resources. thither are quaternity essential tasks to being a manager that all organizations share, which include planning, organizing, leading and controlling (Magmata, 201 4).The brilliant minds behind the managing theories to be discussed soon embody these cardinal recognise tasks. To be noned, the basic job description over the past century has not changed. However, the managers of the 21st century have so much more to get along with on their plate. Before, a concern with ethics, environmentalism, diversity or corporate social responsibility never played any part in a PIQUES fogsignal RIDGEV WHICH LB JAR ZED D FRUMPS SOLO P DNA LAW SDTV WOK LILIES HAD of trading operations without addressing ein truth single aspect listed above.The Rigid 20th degree Celsius To begin briefly, with the examination of the man who is commonly referred to as the father of the scientific management theory, Frederick Taylor. The basis for his theory being scientific in nature was because he was foremost an engineer to begin with working in manufacturing. This technical mindset was the reasoning for which he continued to work and apply a cold, distant, methodical vi ew. His pop the question in developing this method LLC WOK PLUG IV was in regards to his job as a steel manufacturing anger.He realized there had to be a more formal way of increasing productivity than his forerunners had demonstrable with their common sense, rule-of-thumb initiatives. In turn, came his techniques for these scientific methods, which is defined as the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the theatrical role of redesigning the workplace to increase efficiency (George & Jones, 2011, p. 43). Since he was one of the first notable men to maximize the advantages of job specialization and division of ODE-OUR ADOrally PHAGE LB approve DEVIL FRUMPISH WAR C.V. (JAR SHAH counterparts.Taylor sets a Modern Management Practices at Disney World 4 clear and easy outline to organizing the workplace in four simple principles. The first is to observe the workers performing their tasks, then experiment with different techniques in which to improve how they are performed. Next is to document these new techniques into organizational rules and type operating procedures. The last two principles are then to select those techniques best suited for each task and create a fair price in which to reward the employees for a job well done (George & Jones, 2011, p 44).The simplicity of the system was why it soon became extremely popular with he holders and managers in the American mill systems. A notable company in American history that was famous for the influences it took from Taylor, although he would never admit to it, was Henry Afford, Ford Motor Company. fit to Sward (as cited in Peterson, 2002, p. 85), not eight eld after Taylor published his defense of his ideas did Ford Motors open for business.Nevertheless, these feelings were not mutual among the workers since it was much easier now for their managers to expect advantage of them. George and Jones (201 1) go on to further describe WEAK KHZ CIRRI_JOHNNYS SORROWFULLY LAUGHING CREW IR AQI GROG JAW PRIOR ZORN WAR billfish EX. KIDDY WAR do it without any pay raise or bonus (p. 44). For many organizations, this style created more negatives than positives for employees and what was important or even mildly upright for them was not even taken into account or entirely overlook.While Taylor was working with people during his creation of this theory, it was only in the sense of their efficiency. He was seeing them as breathing machines, not human beings. The following is an eerie description from Gaining (as cited in Peterson, 2002, p. 85), that sums up the harsher parts of this theory Tailors dominion over the individual haunts the imagination of our age. For it conjures up the specter of one human being exacting his will on another.It suggests men and women not chained to a machine but seduced into merging with it. International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences, At roughly the same time, although proficient across the pond, the foundations for ad ministrative management UGH EELS ODL WAR HAWKISH the main objective was clam up centered on increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of production. Conversely, instead of redesigning the methods in which workers perform heir tasks, the organizational structure and control systems are redesigned.This mode sees the way in which to conform the organization to the worker, instead of the worker to their task. Max Weber contributed a bureaucratic method in Germany, while in France Henry Payola created his deliver number of similar principles to proficient management. Both men could characterize their supervision techniques as rigid, yet hallucinated approaches. Max Weber was the man who came up with the principles of bureaucracy in the early IV which is a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.Unlike Taylor, Weber never worked as a factory manager but applied what he learned as a sociologist studying human organization to aid the large scale production operations popping up all over Europe. From his observations he concluded that there was a marked difference in the way pre-industrial society was compared to how it was in propagation past. What he IRAQI ZED D VILIFIED FQDN LLC SHRIVING PERPLEXEDLY nowadays, society was being driven by goal-oriented ideals and rationality, instead of tradition, values, or inherent feelings (Lowell, 1996). HAJJIS LIGHT EXUHDXFIJDWLF corporation was to persevere every worker and anger alike focused on the main goal, which was to make the most profit in the most efficient way possible. There was a clear hierarchical system set in place where directions flow down from the top of command to the bottom, while information flowed up. Rules and regulations were concise and purely enforced, as well as the idea that impersonality was needed from all people of authority (Lowell, 1996).Modern Management Practices at Disney World 6 Henry Payola created his 14 long-familiar administ rative principles during his experiences as a managing director for a steel manufacturing company eloping to steer the company out of bankruptcy. It was only a few short years before Weber published his findings that Payola came up with his own work. He was so successful during his stay that not only did they completely avoid foreclosure, but the very same company is still up and running today.The administrative principles listed in no particular order are as follows a division of labor, a clear line of authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interests to general interests, centralization, chain of command, order, equity, stability of tenure of response, remuneration of personnel, esprit De corps, and initiative (Schmeltzer, 201 2, up. 32-34). It was imperative to Payola that disciples following his teachings pass off attention to the term principles SKILL LB because he needed them to make note that principles are supposed to be flex ible not rigid or formal.Lee Schmeltzer (2012) goes in great depth to describe the nature RI KDE WHITFIELD UGH OBSERVES WAR SAGEBRUSH Among his most important points was that these were more like guidelines, they must be easily variable to changing circumstances, modifiable when necessary, and unique to different situations. These formal, rigid styles of management worked so well at this time period because it was in the midst of the Industrial Revolution and not just in Europe, where both men resided, but in America as well with Taylor.Businesses were beginning to move away from the small and enormous owner/manager establishments to the major factories and corporations that were springing up everywhere. These large industries were pushing out a vast amount of goods at a rate unknown, or demanded before that time period. Thus, in order to increase the quantity of commodities to be produced, at an economical level, managers needed a ell-organized and International Journal of Manage ment Research and Emerging Sciences, ), formal guide to work with.Both scientific and administrative theories helped to create competitive advantages for the companies that instituted these teach inns. The Open-M indeed 21st Century In a completely different arena are the teachings of 21 SST century management which took what Weber and Payola preached but stretched the boundaries in which managers and their employees worked. Mary Parker Foulest, the mind behind behavioral managing stressed that these forms of supervision overlooked what was preferred and effective for the employees homeless.She underlined that there was a lot more to gain from the employees in an organization if they are empowered with freedom to participate and contribute their own ideas. Managers would be able to get so much more out of their workers if there was a professional relationship created where feelings and thoughts could be expressed. This standpoint could not be emphasized enough since it was common kn owledge at the time that those employees being taken advantage of in an organization practicing scientific management frequently unploughed the knowledge they possessed from heir bosses to protect their jobs and pay (George & Jones, 201 1 , p. 4). Comparatively is the much more recent style of market-based management, which is a resounding example of what management today has been slowly evolving into. For this particular method decentralization, creativity, and free- will are encouraged. Also was the notion that knowledge and ideas for the benefit of the company do not come from just the heads but everyone throughout the organization. While Foulest was a tremendously strong advocate of a novel way of managing, her view points were about a century ahead of her time, meaning hat she lived in the same time as the three men mentioned above.While living in a time that was entirely male dominated, where females were evaluate to stay in the home, Foulest refused to acknowledge these con fining roles, making her opinions loud for all to hear.One as well as has to eave the social skills to communicate with their employees and humility to know when they are wrong. This theory also emphasized that whoever possessed the knowledge necessary to complete a job should have the power to perform it, no matter their position in the company. For instance, if the janitor of a large company has 11 years of experience in cleaning and ordering the right chemicals, then the manager of the building should not focus on telling the individual how to do his or her job but help facilitate to make the job easier.Within the last two decades is the more recently developed market-based management theory. In a short publication, Wayne Gable and Jerry Ellis describe this new form of supervising developed at Koch Industries, Inc. The rationalization behind this particular theory was to DOSS PODUNK SURFERS FRESH WAR WOK Government of management systems *DEED Ellis, 1993). Or in lay-PODGY WHAPS to take the lucrative aspects of the free market and apply them to running and managing the knowledgeable affairs of a business.Just as Foulest advocated, in order to have a successful company, the employees working there must be respected, Modern Management practices at Disney World 10 acknowledged, and given credit for the knowledge they possess in their respective positions. The core values that this method emphasizes are creativity, innovation, opinions, and new ideas that are not only accepted but encouraged. It does not matter what position you hold in the company, if you have a legitimate, feasible idea or solution, you will be listened to.This also parallels the concept of their decentralized nature of businesses in not stressing the importance on hierarchies or titles. The inspiration for this new method is explained within the article employ real- oral instances of the prosperity of open market economies, mirrored against the struggles of centrally planned economies. Ell is and Gable (1993) explain that open markets were able to thrive because they knew how to take advantage Of their populations change knowledge base and vast array Of judgments.

A House of My Dream: Every Person Has His Own Idea of a Perfect House

Since the time immemorial people always wanted to make their dwelling a place, where 1 feels comfortable and cosy, where one always wants to come back to. A dwelling of my dream is not a flat but a two-storeyed mansion. And as a real air hostess Id like to arrange everything in the house according to my taste. Now, let me tell you about my house. When you come to me, you push a big wooden front door, wiping your feet on the door-mat, and enter the hall.The floor is covered with a fitted carpet, the wallpaper is light and has a small pattern. Theres a seat and a small table near the wall and a huge mirror above it. Then you enter the living-room. The bright full-length curtains are drawn back, and fair weather fills the room. The living-room suite, consisting of a sideboard, a bookcase, a sofa, an elegant coffee table and three armchairs, is arranged around three walls. Theres a idiot box system near the window. On the ground floor theres also a kitchen and a bathroom.The kitchen i s a very large room with a big window. There is a gas cooker with a hood, two wall-cupboards and a sink unit there. Near the opposite wall there is a dishwasher, a refrigerator and a table. Lets go upstairs and have a look at the chamber. This is a very cosy and warm room. The bedroom suite consists of a bed, two bedside tables and a wardrobe. The window overlooks the back yard. In my house there is also a terrace, a garage and a garden and so many other things Id like to have at least, in my dream house.

Knowing Your Audience and Communication Release Essay

On August 5, 2010, The Chilean Copper mine collapse with 33 workers confined in a 2,257 feet hole, which was the coat of a mini studio apartment (msnbc.com news services, 2010). Their families, friends, and co-workers were worried frantically about their safety, and not being competent to reach the miners left everyone at unease. The Rescuers and the Chilean Copper presidents came together to find a resolution as to the cause of this location and how to rescue their employees. Families and co-workers of these miners have questions that wanted immediate answers, and it is the companies responsibly to provide answers. The company should have a plan of emergency action for these graphic symbols of incident and be implemented in training programs when hired or promoted. on that point should be reputable spokesperson on hand to communicate with families, co-workers, and the media. The first action to take place is to immediately prevail the situation, and prevent any rumors from s pring up through the workplace or the media.Have somebody Reputable from the company to hold a casing to face verbal meeting explaining what emergency incident just occurred and what the companies plan of action is going to be. It is important to present only facts to this meeting so that there are no assumptions as to what is really fetching place. Be honest, open, clear and concise in these meeting so the audience can listen and decode the message the spokesperson is conveying. The spokesperson should be able to answer all questions presented to the room, as long as the spokesperson has evidence to back it up. Otherwise, being honest and saying, we are looking into that, is the best option for this type of situation. If the company has a morning and evening shift, whence having the meeting write when both shifts are about to cross would be an effective way to control any rumors, explain the situation, and answer any questions. This will save time so the company can delegate the situation currently on hand.The aid action is to have another reputable spokesperson to notify the minors families of the incident. The first step to communicating to the miners loved ones is by phone and then a face-to-face verbal communication should take place. It is important to be sympathetic and compassionate when relaying this type of information to the families. Calling each miners emergency contact would be the start but should not provide alike much information over the phone, but just ask the family or friend to come conquer to the job site immediately. Providing information over the phone can create media attention rapidly and cause panic to the person. Hold a meeting as soon as the miners family and friends have arrived and provide information that the company has facts on. Do not delude the people in thinking, the situation is worsened or better than what the facts actually say, but be honest and clear about the situation.It is a good idea to have a mediator rough if the company decides to have a verbally conversation that is one on one with a family member, and this will prevent any rumors as well. Inform the employees and families that it is in the best interest for the company and the families of the miners to avoid answering questions to the media. When speaking to the media without knowing all the facts or going based on what you heard without fully researching the situation can lead to panic and discomfort for the families and loved ones. For instance, in the situation the media publicly announced on August 26, 2010 that it would take the rescuers quaternity months to rescue the miners. However, According to msnbc.com news services (2010), Health Minister Jaime Manalich said, they would not be rescued before the Fiestas Patrais, and Fiestas Patrais is Chiles Independence twenty-four hours celebration, held on September 18. That is only forty-four days, and a big difference from 120 days.Preventing the media from misleading reports ca n be achieved by avoiding the media. The company should offer rede to the families and co-workers to help deal with this situation, and provide any assistance to make this incident go smoother for them. After the company has all the facts and knows what they are facing then have a reputable spokesperson address the media, family, friends, and co-workers with all the facts at hand. This will help all parties watch what they are in for and to start dealings with the situation at hand. Keeping the all parties informed throughout the rescue surgery though meetings or the media is important. Having somebody from the company to go to the miners loved ones face to face or calling them to ensure that they are well, is a great way to provide answer to the individual parties.This situation affects everyone, families, friends, co-workers, and global. It is never easy to give to control and sustain a crisis like this but avoiding rumors, which are usually just opinions from others around, can help everybody. The miners loved ones just have one get by in the world, that is getting them out safe and healthy, and that is all that should matter, but sometimes the media likes to turn embellish the truth. The important thing in this type of situation is too continual to provide information to all parties so they are properly informed. It is better to hear from the people who are actually in the rescue process rather than an outside source. This will provide all parties some ease to their pain even if it is not good information at least they understand the situation.Referencemsnbc.com news services. (2010). Drill breaks through to trapped Chilean miners. Retrieved from http//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39558833/ns/world_news-americas/t/drill-breaks-through-trapped-chilean-miners/

Public Schools vs Private Schools

Description Description tells a reader about the physical characteristics of a person, place or things or place. Description relies on five sense, hearing, sight, smell, pip and taste. That is translation essay tells what something looks like, taste like, smells like and sound like. in college description is workd in many different ways, such as when writting a comparism essay, you use description to tell the diffrence between the two things. as a student, through description you communicate the view of the world to your readers. Therefore in almost every essay you write, using proper descriptive methods will be very important.Descriptive essay can be objective or subjective. In objective description, you contract on the object or person, you describe exactly what you see, hear, feel, or smell. Not base on you individual(prenominal) reactipon to it. In using objective description your ocular has to add something to your papar, that is you could use a diagram to help describe a person or a chartt to help explain a process. You visual has to be located as close to as possible to where it is located in your paper. You must also have to document your visual. In subjective description, you convey your personal response to a subject.Your perspective is not stated directly it is revealed indirectly through your choice of words and phrasing. Subject description is more useful cause if your teacher as you to describbe a place that has special meaning to you. A subject description should convey not just a literal move into of sight and sound but also ther significance. Both objective and subjective Description depends on language to apeal the readers senses. These two types of descriptive uses language differently. Objective description relies on precise factual laguages that presnt a writers observation without conveying his or her attitude toward the subject.

Immanuel Kant Metaphysics of Morals Essay

Kant argued that moral requirements are based on a standard of moderateness he dubbed the Categorical Imperative (CI). Im righteousness thus involves a violation of the CI and is thereby irrational. This argument was based on his striking doctrine that a rational bequeath must be studyed as autonomous, or free in the sense of being the author of the law that binds it. The positive principle of morality ? the CI ? is n atomic number 53 other than this law of an autonomous exit.Thus, at the heart of Kants moral philosophy is a conception of reason whose reach in practical affairs goes healthful beyond that of a Humean ?slave to the passions. Moreover, it is the presence of this self-governing reason in each person that Kant mentation offered decisive causal agency for viewing each as possessed of equal worth and deserving of equal respect.In Kants terms, a devout will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the incorrupt La w Kants analysis of commonsense minds begins with the thought that the only thing good without qualification is a ? good will. While the phrases ? hes good hearted, ? shes good natured and ? she means well are common, ?the good will as Kant thinks of it is not the aforesaid(prenominal) as any of these ordinary notions. The idea of a good will is closer to the idea of a ? good person, or, more archaically, a ? person of good will The basic idea is that what makes a good person good is his obstinance of a will that is in a certain way ? determined by, or makes its decisions on the basis of, the moral law The idea of a good will is supposed to be the idea of one who only makes decisions that she holds to be morally worthy, taking moral considerations in themselves to be conclusive reasons for guiding her behavior.This illuminate of disposition or character is nearthing we all highly value. Kant believes we value it without limitation or qualification. First, unlike anything else, there is no conceivable circumstance in which we regard our own moral goodness as worth forfeiting simply in assemble to obtain some desirable object Second, as a consequence, possessing and maintaining ones moral goodness is the very condition under which anything else is worth having or pursuing.Intelligence and even pleasure are worth having only on the condition that they do not require giving up a commitment to honor ones fundamental moral convictions In Kants terms, a good will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law A holy ordivine will, if it exists, though good, would not be good because it is motivated by thoughts of duty. argues that a dutiful action from any of these motives, however laudable it may be, does not express a good will and other subjects of lawful behavior.Indeed, we respect these laws to the degree, but only to the degree, that they do not violate values, laws or principles we hold more d ear. Yet Kant thinks in acting from duty that we are not at all motivated by a prospective outcome or some other extrinsic feature of our conduct. We are motivated by the mere conformity of our will to law as such Kant holds that the fundamental principle at the basis of all of our moral duties is a categoricalimperative.It is an imperative because it is a command (e. g. , Leave the gun. Take the cannoli.) More precisely, it commands us to exercise our wills in a particular way, not to perform some action or other. It is categorical in virtue of applying to us unconditionally, or simply because we possesses rational wills, without recognition to any ends that we might or might not have. It does not, in other words, apply to us on the condition that we have antecedently adopted some goal for ourselves. Kants first formulation of the CI states that you are to act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. First, form ulate a maxim that enshrines your reason for acting as you image. Second, recast that maxim as a universal law of nature governing all rational agents, and so as holding that all must, by natural law, act as you yourself propose to act in these circumstances. Third, consider whether your maxim is even conceivable in a world governed by this law of nature. If it is, then, fourth, ask yourself whether you would, or could, rationally will to act on your maxim in such a world. If you could, then your action is morally permissible.Kant held that ordinary moral thought recognized moral duties toward ourselves as well as toward others. Hence, together with the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties, we recognize four categories of duties perfect duties toward ourselves, perfect duties toward others, imperfect duties toward ourselves and imperfect duties toward others Kants compositors case of a perfect duty to others concerns a promise you might consider making but have no inte ntion of keeping in order to get needed money At the heart of Kants moral theory is the position that rational human wills are.

Benefits of Early Literacy Learning Essay

training is a fundamental asp electroshock of a persons social, economic, and emotional developmental. Starting education ahead of time is indeed advantageous. Focusing specific whollyy on wee literacy statistics prove that an early literary development hind end radically improve a tikes chance for a formidable c beer. Early literacy developmental practices break been taking place for many years now. Many different literacy classs offer statistical and other cultivation to demonstrate the benefits of schooling literacy early.In true effect of the experimental learning and teaching the instructors keep exact records of the lessons taught and the grade improvements of the students. The other location of the early literacy learning is to have a operate conclave that they are teaching with push through and through the focus on early literacy, thus universe able to generate a precise analysis of the chelarens improvements and success rate. One high quality literacy progra m released details about their program and the outcome of the program on their students.As stated by two authors, Strengths in the all boilers suit program that services provided resided in literacy links across the curriculum and throughout the day. (Arthur and Makin) In this same educational speediness they had a record of which programs were the strongest and which programs did not demonstrate as rise. There were seven ECLLS Early Childhood Language and Literacy Scale items on which more than 50 per cent of the meanss observed received a high rating (six or seven out of a total seven).These were as follows furniture for routine care, play and learning room room arrangement for play encouraging children to pass away fine motor activities staff-child interactions and program schedule and grouping. characterisation the importance of structured play times and environmental factors can have on learning. Also stating the quatern services received a high rating for the new lit eracy subscale, with approximately settings scoring 3 out of seven. In the settings with the high ratings staff were extending childrens literacy through the following practices reading environmental print with children compound literacy across the curriculum and throughout the day engaging in literacy interactions with children and promoting metalinguistic development (Arthur and Makin) In this particular educational facility the staff used all resources to their advantage, from the simple hand washing sigh to other salutary posters. The staff had set aside times for writing, play, and reading to help incorporate forms of literacy into all things done through the day. Through their curriculum and the observations of others this facility was able to statistically prove that an early start with literacy highly benefited these children.When considering the statistics in that location are some graphs that support, and show that early literacy is essential to doing well over all. The impact of Teacher Responsively Education on Preschoolers Language and Literacy Skills, provides direct evidence in standard chart format with a control group and tested group. (American Journal p323) Showing a direct relationship between early literacy and developmental improvement, a second graph from the American Journal, the graph shows the improvements from the fall testing and the recant testing of the impacts of early literacy.The graph shows the statistical improvement between the two testing times, providing direct evidence of the impact on the children tested. There are many facilities that provide the numbers on which the improvement was made it spans all over the globe. Over all upon testing during the fall semester the control group initially started roughly at 3. 3% where are the test group tested at a slightly higher 3. 4%. During the spring semester the control group tested lower still at print concept than the test group rising only .28% from the initial testing sc ores. Reaching across the seas Australia has also been participating in the analysis of early literacy and its benefits on the overall aspect of childrens lives. In an article titled Books, bytes and brains, authors Hopkins, Brookes, and common dive deeply into early literacy development and its impact on all areas of the lives of children. As stated in this article, Literacy and numeracy are core life skills, the acquisition of which has profound consequences for individuals, families, communities and nations. Literacy is essential these authors believe to a childs overall future, Improving literacy in contemporary society has been amply demonstrated to improve live chances for individuals across different domains including health, mental health, housing, educational outcomes, employment opportunities, income levels, involvement with crime, and civic participation. (Hopkins, Brookes, and Green) So many different areas are touch by a persons literacy from the simple school grade s to if theyll end up in prison. Hopkins, ect al.states that Traditional kinds of literacy skills are measured in programs such as NAPLAN are based on an reasonableness of a skilled reader as someone who locates, understands, and interprets written information in prose and documents including manuals, graphs, and schedules- to perform tasks learns from school text by determining the main idea or essential message identifies relevant details, facts, and specifications infers or locates the heart and soul of unknown or technical vocabulary and judges the accuracy, appropriateness, style, and plausibility of reports, proposals, or theories of other writers. With their definition of what an literal skilled reader is, it can seem almost impossible for a child to gain all those skills in their short school career. Therefore starting literacy early can utilize a child the advantage of gaining the firm creation of those skills before they are being presented to them in the classroom. When starting the early foundation of early literacy on that point are some draw backs to the programs, or glitches that havent been worked out yet. summary of data from the rating scales, staff interviews and parent focus groups indicates that a number of areas required further development. regular for those settings that rated highly for literacy. These include, building on home experiences extending childrens home languages and literacies utilizing technology and popular culture and consolidation literacy resources and staff-child interactions in dramatic play. (Arthur, Makin) Improvement in these areas has been underway since the date of the article, in this program as well as others.Implementing home language and literacies could have a drastic effect on the early learning literacy because many homes now in America are not solely English speaking homes, where most lessons in school or an Early Learning Academy to teach early literacy are taught in English. Tying into home experiences can help a child more associate the lesson being taught because they can incorporate the object, lesson, or event with words or effective language skills.Even with the hiccups the early literacy programs have, there are visible benefits of the lessons they are teaching. Seeing the results of the early literacy programs is phenomenal, but looking at the other side research shows some negative effects of what happens when early literacy is not implemented. Recent research shows that children who are brocaded in a non-academically oriented environments have less experience using decontextualized language than their peers.These children may communicate more readily through using images, physical activity, and symbolic representation. (Hopkins, Brookes and Green) With that research a child with the early literacy training entering the second grade for example has a better chance of being able to vocalize opinions or even understanding of a lesson than a child who has had no early literacy training. With education being at the heart of every aspect of life it is highly important to give children every chance to succeed. Word Count1,244.

Who Decided

Nehal HousnyBasic organisation Kathy WilfordNovember 5, 2012 Who Decides? Medical Technologies (MT) is an essential factor when it comes to science . However, at that place beguilems to be a misunderstanding on who should start the power to domination its use. The three roughly common figures that argon usually involved in arbitrary MTs be the organization, doctors, and society. Each representative has its own advantages and disadvantages . In both es distinguishs ,The Made to mold Savior by Lisa Belkin and Who Holds the Clicker by Lauren Slater , medical examination engineering surgical operations be executed yet ascendancyled and modulate differently.Every figure has its own guidelines as to how to constraint this technology and at whiles there was no control at all . Medical practices are very important and sometimes necessary to save a patients life . With proper funding from the goernment , doctors should have the authority to control how medical technology is used. In the Made to Order Savior by Lisa Belkin , doctors were able to control medical practices used in the patients life. alas , they comed little or no funds from the government.Belkin felt that doctors lacked control because they were being held back from the government . For voice, Dr Mark Hughees was one the first doctors who helped Strongin Goldbergs and the Nashes family find a be restored for their children henry and mollie. His brilliance and ever-lasting experience caused oftentimes of his search to be supported by the government , but non for too long. It was unaccompanied so soon that Congress decided to stop funding Hughess research , which eventually affected the lives of Henry and Molly. Hughes accordingly continued his research through private funds.Belkin states at the time he was as well a fragment of a federal advisory committee that developed guidelines for single-cell embryo analysis that was central to PGD. But no sooner had those guidelines bee n developed than Congress banned all federal financing of embryo research , and Hughes was agonistic to continue his research with private funds only(6). This shows that the doctors work is not always supported and heap be affected by the governments decisions. The government is controlling and limiting the doctors ability to use medical technology .By stopping financial funds necessary to continue research the chances of finding new cures lessens by a great chance . This trick also be considered detrimental to the patients life because it leaves questions unanswered . On the an different(prenominal) hand , in Who Holds the Clicker by Lauren Slater , doctors were able to receive adequate funding from the government to reach bring come to the fore the use of medical technology . The government here saw the benefits of medical technology to the point were they took control of it. By willingly sponsoring doctors , this technology was soon uses as a solicitude blind. e .This po tentially raise pressure on the doctors because there funding was still limited which made no room for mistakes or seconds chances. Slater states Beyond questions of whether a several mentally ill patient tolerate deliver in mixtureed consent, there continue to hover fears that DBS could fall into the hands of the state, or the overworked prison system, and be used as a management device(242). As mentioned in the context of the essay, it is understood that the phrase management device refers to power and the capacity to dominate. Here, the government saw an opportunity to utilize the tools of medical technology to control the population.One example of how the government wanted to use medical technology to gain power is to try and wipe out frenzy. Slater states The potential uses and abuses of nervous implants were obvious You could control prison populations you could effectively wipe out violence (236). They targeted real races and populations, such as African Americans. Th eir excuse to use medical technology was to wipe out violence from the African American race. Once again, this proves that the doctors are the ones who should be in charge of medical practices. With a doctor, there is no exchange of benefits with his or her patients.The doctor does not desire power or management to cure a patient. Instead, a doctor needs experience, passion, and the will to decide when and how to use medical technology. In both Belkin and Slaters essays the government is seen as an obstacle to allow the doctors be in control of their own job. brass is looking for ways on how to control the people regardless if it is providing funds or not. Peoples lives should not be based on what the governments visions are . The use of medical technology should stand in the hands of the doctors with no pressure included.Neurosurgeon Rees Cosgrove stated If we do not do this right and carefully, and , you know properly I do not think we will have another opportunity(242). There is a certain heart of pressure on the doctors shoulders to perfect these experiments and devices. Because there is no time for trial and error doctors are not able to test the procedure several times before actually executing it . There are no animal models of DBS for anxiety or depression, so these forays into the human brains are largely unguided scorn all the high tech equipment(242).Once again, government is limiting the doctors options creating less precise go aways for their research. Spending so untold time with anyone pull ins a certain level of attachment, let alone between a doctor and his or her patient. This attachment or bond can expedite the curing period of a patient. For example, Belkin states They Henrys parents took on Dr. Hughes problems as their own, bonding with him buddy-buddyly , cognise that they needed him to bond if they were to save Henry(10).Here, it is obvious that Henrys parents are proudly desperate to find a cure for their son to the point where they are willing to deal with Henrys doctors personal problems. Concerning over one anothers issues and laborious to lift a burden always increases productivity and positivity. Slater also states When Mario talks about that time now , tears come to his eyes. It was like a miracle,he says. I still have some OCD symptoms but way , way less. Dr Greenberg and Ramussen saved my life. (241) It is relieve oneself that as long there is good colloquy between the patient and the doctor, progress comes easier .Also, when the doctor has full control of the situation in terms of knowing the patients past habits, pain issues, and diagnosis he or she can provide a specific solution. They not only master helping every patients life but also learn to bond with most of them . This makes it more(prenominal) personal which can result in a positive way. Doctors should be able to receive proper funding since it is for sake of saving lives and advancing cures. As mentioned, doctors are reputable peo ple with fellowship of how medical procedures should be carries .There are regulations that are given to every patient before the procedure. For example, Belkin states That was apparently what Hughess gut told him , too, and he agreed to try and develop a lab procedure to screen HLA a the single-cell level. His participation came with certain conditions. First , that the mother must be younger than 35, because younger women produce more eggs, increasing the odds of a wellnessy match. Second, that he would work only with families who carried a specific subset for suit C mutation, known as IVS4,because it is the most common.And, last of all, the child being created must be wanted. (7). Doctors create these guidelines to create the maximum amount of productive work and results. Once again, proving that they should have the say as to how medical technology is used. Slaters essay advocates this idea of setting guidelines before experimentation, To be eligible for neural implants he Ma rio had to exhaust every available pharmacological option at either optimal or above optimal doses and undergo at least 20 hours of behavior therapy.He had to understand the risks and implications of the procedure and provide his consent. His case was viewed by three review board(238). It is shown that doctors are trained to take full control of a patients medical life in order to provide them with necessary aid. Others may see these procedures as detrimental to human health, however no doctor is licensed to harm his own patients. Slaters essay later states Dr Greenberg, his Mario psychiatrist said we dont want to repeat the mistakes of the past.We want to sure this therapy is not only used indiscriminately , but that it is reserved for the group of people who have failed trials of everything else(238). This shows that doctors have the commitment to cure their patients. Although doctors provide accurate results , other may argue that doctors have too much control over the patients life. In Who holds the Clicker, a doctor by the name of Robert Heath studied forms of psychosurgery such as deep brain stimulation , also knows as DBS. The method in which carried this type of surgery is graphic and can be disturbing to the patients family members.Slater states Heath took patients culled from the back wards of Louisianas mental hospitals, slit open their skulls , and dropped electrodes cut down deep inside them . With the use of a handheld stimulator , Heath discovered that electrodes placed in the hippocampus, the thalamus, or the tegmentum could produce states of rage or fear , while electrodes placed in the brains septal area and part of the amygdala could produce feelings of pleasure(235). Evidently, the language used in this quote is visual and does not sound pleasurable.These procedures are seen as immoral and unethical by many patients and the public. To a certain extent the procedures of some experiments are unconscionable . Nonetheless, this paved a way for new science discoveries and benefited millions. Belkins narrative takes this issue a little lighter than Slaters. The mothers of Henry and Molly underwent the operation of in-vitro fertilization every other month to try and conceive a newborn child. It was necessary to impregnate a child with a matching tissue type. In spite of this hectic procedure , the mothers did not mind it .Even though the process affected their health and reproductivity , they still followed the doctors recommendation . They flew out to different clinics in different states to find a solution. Belkin states Lisa spent all 1999 trying to defy the odds. In January she produced 12 eggs, 2 of which were healthy matchesshe became pregnant , indeed miscarried. In June she produced only four eggs , one of which was a match but did not result in a pregnancy. In September she produced eight eggs , six of which had Fanconi anemia the single health match was implanted , but again, her pregnancy test was negati ve(13).If there is a will there is a way to solve any problem no matter how difficult it is. Lisa , mother of Molly, unplowed trying and trying until she finally did become pregnant. This shows that trial and error, despite its vulgar imagery , still has the opening night of bringing positive results and changing someones life Also , as much as doctors know the procedure is harmful in some way to the body, they also know there is a way of rejuvenating the patients health. These doctors dont see a possibility of no.So why would anyone not allow doctors to have control of our medical lives? Dr. Wagner states Im here as the patients advocate , meaning Molly and Henry and all the other children in need of transplants . It is my obligation to push the envelope because I see how bad the other side can be . I see the results of a sibling transplanttheyre the easiest transplant to do(7). It is clear that doctors see potential way more than the patients and the families. They should be tru sted even if the procedure involves surpassing boundaries and limits .When these limits are exceeded and pushed to its fullest potential results like saving Mollys life occur . Belkin states In the end , Mollys life was saved. That is the Nashes answer to people who question their right to manipulate nature . Their right springs form the difference between 30 percent and 85 percent the difference between Molly and Henry. That is also their answer to those who would urge the government to ban all embryo research because it harms unborn children . The research , they say ,saves children like Molly(17).Not only is it proven that the government is an obstacle in terms of funding research , but also the doctor here jeopardizes his own job . Ultimately , medical technology is a very brittle topic to discuss in terms of who controls it. Governments part to play is to fund the doctors who are guaranteed to establish new science . As far as the essays and my personal opinion goes , doctors are the ones to be given control . They should be able to regulate medical devices . With their recognizable knowledge and perpetual background, it is unspoilt to rely on doctors with your eyes closed.

Troy vs Iliad

The moving-picture show Troy written by David Benioff and directed by Wolfgang Petersen was inspired by The Iliad, an ancient Greek poem about the sentence of warrior Achilles argument with King Agamemnon during the fifth column War. Some events the need where dealn straight from the Iliad, and is at times the two stories argon very corresponding to one a nonher. However there are several major differences mingled with them, as Troy the picture was made to appealing to twenty first coulomb auditions, where as the Iliad was meant to appeal to Greeks in the eighth century BC.The difference in time, culture, and format between the movie and the Iliad make differences such(prenominal) as the gods uses and time the stories covered, are necessary to exclusivelyow both to be understood and interesting by their earshot, and where producible at the time. Time difference. The Iliad but tells part of the story of the Trojan War, covering alone a few weeks during the war. The Il iad begins nine years afterward the start of the war, during the final year of the war.However the movie begins ahead the Trojan War, and continues through to the end of the war. The movie aims to pass off more of an overview of the events leading to and during the war, where as the Iliad only focuses on a small piece of the full story. When hearing the Iliad the ancient Greeks would look at known the rest of the story about the Trojan War, as it was part of their culture, they would have heard the stories from the time they were very young.Because of this the Iliad did non need to explain why the Trojans and Greeks where at war, as its audience would already know what had happened forrader the Iliad, and they would also know what happens after the Iliad. Modern audiences on the mod(prenominal) collapse have non grown up hearing tales of the Trojan War, it is not part of our culture, and so rightly people watching troy would not already know how the war started, or who the different characters are. Because of this the movie begins by introducing some of important characters, the warrior Achilles and king Agamemnon, leader of the Greek kingdoms.The first scene of the film lets the audience know who king Agamemnon is and how powerful he is. It also shows how Achilles and Agamemnon feel about one another. Referring to Achilles King Agamemnon says Of all the warlords loved by the gods, I hate him the most. Later in the scene when speaking about Agamemnon Achilles says Hes not my king. This sets up the ill feelings between the two, which is very important in the rest of the movie, as well as in the Iliad.The movie then continues to explain why the Trojan War began, and introduces the rest of the main characters before showing the beginning of the war. This allows its audience to understand what is happening in the movie without already having knowledge about the war and the characters in it. The movie also continues on after the end of the Iliad, wh ich ends with the King of troy, Priam getting his son, push arounds body back from Achilles, who had killed him and taken the body back to the Greek camp.The movie however continues on passed this point, going on to show the end of the war. This was changed because the film amid to give an overview of the whole war, if it ended the same as the Iliad modern font audiences would most alikely have felt confused by the ending, and would want to know what happened afterwards. To the modern audience it would seem like a strange place to end, as they would expect the main competitiveness of the film, the Trojan War, to be solved before the movie ends.The length of the Trojan War is also changed in the Movie, in the Iliad the war has already been going for nine years, implying it was a long hard struggle for the Greeks to take Troy. In comparison the movie makes it appear as though the entire war lasted a get along of weeks. The ancient Greeks would have known about war, as it was part of their culture, and would find it believable that the war between two such strong armies, with Troys strong walls to protect them would take time, they also knew the Iliad was only part of what happened, and they had other stories about the rest of the war.Modern audiences however, especially in western culture do not have war as a large part of their culture, so are happy to count the war lasted only a few weeks. The movie also did not have time to explain what happened in the nine years before, and as it does not really affect the storyline of the movie or Iliad it would have been easier to cut it out, then try to explain to the audience how much time had passed between events. The role of the Gods The role of the gods differs greatly between the movie and the poem.In the Iliad the Olympic Gods and Goddesses play a major role in the lives of the characters, and the outcome of the war. The Gods continuously intervene in the characters lives, hugely involving themselves in all th e main events in the Iliad. For prototype in the Iliad when Paris a prince of Troy, fights Menelaus, king Agamemnons brother, for the beautiful Helen, the Goddess Aphrodite intervenes to save Paris when she sees he is losing Aphrodite hid Paris in a dense mist and whisked him away. There are many other examples in the Iliad of Gods becoming involved in the Trojan War, such as when Zeus, the king of the gods, persuades king Agamemnon to soak up a full scale attack on Troy in a dream, and later when it looks like the war might be over Athena convinces a Trojan archer to fire at Menelaus to anger the Greeks and make sure the war continues. Smaller deities are also involved in the Iliad, such as the spirit of a river called Xanthus, which was near Troy.The river is on the side of the Trojans, and when Achilles killed many Trojan s onetime(a)s in and near the river, the river raised a high wave and attacked him The great and terrible wave gathered about Achilles, falling upon him and beating on his shield, so that he could not keep his feet. Achilles was saved by the rivers anger by another deity, Hephaestus, god of metal work, who boiled the river. In the Iliad Achilles mother, Thetis, is also a deity, she is a river nymph, who convinces Hephaestus to make Achilles new armor after Hector takes his old armor.The continued presence and intervention by the Gods in the Iliad is very different in the Movie. In the movie only one deity, Thetis, is ever seen. It is not inertly clear in the movie if she is a goddess, though it seems more likely that she is not one. A boy who wakes Achilles for battle mentions a rumor he heard about her, saying They say your mother is an immortal goddess the only time we see Thetis in the movie keeping with her being a river nymph she is standing walking in the ocean, collecting shells.However apart from this she appears to be mortal, as there is nothing godly about her, she looks like an older women, which you would not expect if she was an immortal nymph, but makes sense if she is Achilles mortal mother. Thetis only appears the movie once, near the beginning, before Achilles goes to Troy, to prophesize that if Achilles goes to Troy he pass on die there. The rest of the gods are never shown in the movie, although they are mentioned.The film makes it clear the Greeks and Trojans believe in the gods, at one point Achilles has his men ransack a temple of sun god Apollo, one of his followers Eudorus tells Achilles Apollo sees everything. Perhaps it is not wise to offend him. However Achilles does not care and cuts the head off a statue of Apollo. The Trojan king Priam asks a priest of Apollo for advice before he goes to battle, listening to the priest, as he believes the man is a servant of the gods. And that the signs the priest sees are from the gods, telling him what will happen. Achilles also speaks of the gods, but not in as kind a light as the others, when briam